{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:15:51Z","timestamp":1793312151240,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last decade or so, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) garnered renewed attention in the scientific community due to new evidence pointing at their continued presence in the environment and workplaces and the potential human risks related to their presence. PCBs move from the environment to humans through different routes; the dominant pathway is the ingestion of contaminated foods (fish, seafood and dairy products), followed by inhalation (both indoor and outdoor air), and, to a lesser extent, dust ingestion and dermal contact. Numerous studies reported the environmental and occupational exposure to these pollutants, deriving from building materials (flame-retardants, plasticizers, paints, caulking compounds, sealants, fluorescent light ballasts, etc.) and electrical equipment. The highest PCBs contaminations were detected in e-waste recycling sites, suggesting the need for the implementation of remediation strategies of such polluted areas to safeguard the health of workers and local populations. Furthermore, a significant correlation between PCB exposure and increased blood PCB concentrations was observed in people working in PCB-contaminated workplaces. Several epidemiological studies suggest that environmental and occupational exposure to high concentrations of PCBs is associated with different health outcomes, such as neuropsychological and neurobehavioral deficits, dementia, immune system dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In addition, recent studies indicate that PCBs bioaccumulation can reduce fertility, with harmful effects on the reproductive system that can be passed to offspring. In the near future, further studies are needed to assess the real effects of PCBs exposure at low concentrations for prolonged exposure in workplaces and specific indoor environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10070365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T23:38:55Z","timestamp":1656977935000},"page":"365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":265,"title":["Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in the Environment: Occupational and Exposure Events, Effects on Human Health and Fertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5670-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Montano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, Coordination Unit of the Network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (Eco-FoodFertility Project), S. Francesco di Assisi Hospital, Oliveto Citra, 84020 Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Pironti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9169-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"INBB\u2014Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4668-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory Gentile, S.a.s., 80054 Gragnano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Brogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniomed Laboratory Group Srl, Viale degli Astronauti 45, 83038 Montemiletto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Venier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"O\u2019Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Piscopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Amoresano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"INBB\u2014Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1088-6741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriana","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00098-6","article-title":"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): State of the Science","volume":"100","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2018.05.029","article-title":"Health and Environmental Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants","volume":"263","author":"Alharbi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pironti, C., Ricciardi, M., Proto, A., Bianco, P.M., Montano, L., and Motta, O. (2021). Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure. 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