{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:26:13Z","timestamp":1764588373933,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences","award":["R01ES023441","P42ES016454","R01ES015533","TL1TR002371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES023441","P42ES016454","R01ES015533","TL1TR002371"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES023441","P42ES016454","R01ES015533","TL1TR002371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES023441","P42ES016454","R01ES015533","TL1TR002371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Arsenic (As) is a common drinking water contaminant that is regulated as a carcinogen. Yet, As is a systemic toxicant and there is considerable epidemiological data showing As adversely impacts reproductive health. This study used data from a birth cohort in Bangladesh (2008\u20132011) to examine associations between drinking water As levels and reproductive outcomes. (2) Methods: Pregnant individuals (n = 1597) were enrolled at &lt;16 weeks gestation and drinking water As was measured. Participants with live births (n = 1130) were propensity score matched to participants who experienced miscarriage (n = 132), stillbirth (n = 72), preterm birth (n = 243), and neonatal mortality (n = 20). Logistic regression was used to examine drinking water As recommendations of 50, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1 \u00b5g\/L on the odds of adverse birth outcomes. (3) Results: The odds of miscarriage were higher for pregnant women exposed to drinking water \u22652.5 versus &lt;2.5 \u00b5g As\/L [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.90, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.07\u20133.38)]. (4) Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest a potential threshold where the odds of miscarriage increases when drinking water As is above 2.5 \u00b5g\/L. This concentration is below the World Health Organizations and Bangladesh\u2019s drinking water recommendations and supports the re-evaluation of drinking water regulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10100600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T02:10:27Z","timestamp":1665540627000},"page":"600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Testing the Limit: Evaluating Drinking Water Arsenic Regulatory Levels Based on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7355-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faye","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"},{"name":"Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Branscum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perry","family":"Hystad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sakila","family":"Afroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostofa","family":"Golam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quazi","family":"Quamruzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0301-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Christiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0646-5119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly","family":"Kile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2020.08.015","article-title":"Arsenic contamination of groundwater: A global synopsis with focus on the Indian Peninsula","volume":"12","author":"Shaji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geosci. Front."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"US EPA (2000). 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