{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:00:25Z","timestamp":1788260425592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["2018YFC1602400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1602400"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["2018YFC1602600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1602600"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["2018-4-1014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-4-1014"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["KM202212448002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM202212448002"]}]},{"name":"Capital Health Research and Development of Special Program","award":["2018YFC1602400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1602400"]}]},{"name":"Capital Health Research and Development of Special Program","award":["2018YFC1602600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1602600"]}]},{"name":"Capital Health Research and Development of Special Program","award":["2018-4-1014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-4-1014"]}]},{"name":"Capital Health Research and Development of Special Program","award":["KM202212448002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM202212448002"]}]},{"name":"Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["2018YFC1602400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1602400"]}]},{"name":"Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["2018YFC1602600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1602600"]}]},{"name":"Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["2018-4-1014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-4-1014"]}]},{"name":"Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KM202212448002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM202212448002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by amplifying the outputting signal or reducing nonspecific binding (NSB) are the key techniques in multiple immunoassay. Aiming at these issues, this paper presents an improved multiple indirect competitive immune surface-enhanced Raman scattering (ci-SERS) assay for the rapid screening of highly toxic rodenticides in food and biological samples, which ensured remarkable accuracy, ultra-sensitivity and reproducibility. The non-fouling polymer brush grafted magnetic beads (the MB@P-CyM) were prepared as multiple competitive recognition substrates after conjugating triplex haptens (the MB@P-CyM-hap). It was demonstrated that the particular 3D hair-like structures of P-CyM not only facilitate conjugate high-density hapten but reduce the steric hindrance from SERS probes recognition, thus enhancing SNB. On the other hand, Au nanoflowers (AuNFs) of high SERS activity were synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrazine reduction. For simultaneously detecting three highly toxic rodenticides, i.e., diphacinone (DPN), bromadiolone (BRD) and tetramine (TET), the obtained AuNFs were fabricated as a SERS-encoded nanoprobe cocktail after successively labeling mono-antibodies\/Raman probes. By integrating the MB@P-CyM-hap with the SERS-encoded cocktail, a highly sensitive multiple SERS assay was achieved in less than 2 h with a limit of detection of 0.62 ng mL\u22121 for BRD, 0.42 ng mL\u22121 for TET and 1.37 ng mL\u22121 for DPN, respectively. The recoveries of these rodenticides in spiked food and biological samples were determined and ranged from 72 to 123%. Above all, the proposed modifications show remarkable improvements for high efficient multiple chemical toxin immunoassay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10100605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T22:45:29Z","timestamp":1665614729000},"page":"605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Improved Multiple Competitive Immuno-SERS Sensing Platform and Its Application in Rapid Field Chemical Toxin Screening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jiefang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Bioengineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102445, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of National Defence Science&Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0167-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1806739","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201806739","article-title":"Disposable Sensors in Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring","volume":"31","author":"Dincer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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