{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:23:51Z","timestamp":1767205431079,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]],"date-time":"2022-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NNX15AD69G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX15AD69G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["80NSSC19K0498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC19K0498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Foundation for Heart Science","award":["Unrestricted grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart disease is a significant adverse event caused by radiotherapy for some cancers. Identifying the origins of radiogenic heart disease will allow therapies to be developed. Previous studies showed non-targeted effects manifest as fibrosis in the non-irradiated heart after 120 days following targeted X-irradiation of the kidneys with 10 Gy in WAG\/RijCmcr rats. To demonstrate the involvement of T cells in driving pathophysiological responses in the out-of-field heart, and to characterize the timing of immune cell engagement, we created and validated a T cell knock downrat on the WAG genetic backgrou nd. Irradiation of the kidneys with 10 Gy of X-rays in wild-type rats resulted in infiltration of T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages after 120 days, and none of these after 40 days, suggesting immune cell engagement is a late response. The radiation nephropathy and cardiac fibrosis that resulted in these animals after 120 days was significantly decreased in irradiated T cell depleted rats. We conclude that T cells function as an effector cell in communicating signals from the irradiated kidneys which cause pathologic remodeling of non-targeted heart.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10120797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T09:05:09Z","timestamp":1671440709000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["T Cells Contribute to Pathological Responses in the Non-Targeted Rat Heart following Irradiation of the Kidneys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Lenarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Biosciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7125-0144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar J.","family":"Alsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric P.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5674-678X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00f6rthe","family":"Schaue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kronenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aron","family":"Geurts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slade","family":"Klawikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mattson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John E.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Biosciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021686","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021686","article-title":"Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Review of an Underrecognized Pathology","volume":"10","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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