{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:03:58Z","timestamp":1788411838082,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Government of India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR26858\/AAQ\/3\/880\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR26858\/AAQ\/3\/880\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), employing a combination of light and natural photosensitizer molecules such as curcumin, has been accepted as a safe modality for removing aquatic pathogens which cause diseases such as cholera in humans and vibriosis in aquatic animals. Curcumin and its photodegradation products are generally considered as safe to animals, but the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by these products on the growth and survival of organisms at a cellular level has not been studied in detail. The ROS generated by curcumin on photoexcitation using blue light (\u03bbmax 405 nm, 10 mW cm\u22122) disinfects more than 80% of free-living Vibrio spp. in the rearing water of Penaeus monodon. However, it is less effective against Vibrio spp. colonized inside P. monodon because the carapace of the animal prevents the transmission of more than 70% of light at the 400\u2013450 nm range and thus reduces the formation of ROS. The influence of curcumin and photoexcited curcumin on the microbiome of P. monodon were revealed by nanopore sequencing. The photoexcited curcumin induced irregular expression of genes coding the moult-inhibiting hormone (MIH), Crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH)), prophenoloxidase (ProPO), and crustin, which indicates toxic effects of ROS generated by photoexcited curcumin on the neuroendocrine and immune systems of crustaceans, which could alter their growth and survival in aquaculture settings. The study proposed the cautious use of photodynamic therapy in aquaculture systems, and care must be taken to avoid photoexcitation when animals are experiencing moulting or environmental stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11010036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T03:08:59Z","timestamp":1672628939000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Influence of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy on the Microbiome, Neuroendocrine and Immune System of Crustacean Post Larvae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1396-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas","family":"Abdulaziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athira Vengalil","family":"Pramodh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vrinda","family":"Sukumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devika","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Mary Valathuparambil Baby","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.12.010","article-title":"Alternatives to conventional antibiotics in the era of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"27","author":"Ghosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.1c00296","article-title":"Exotoxin-targeted drug modalities as antibiotic alternatives","volume":"8","author":"Sakari","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-02618-2","article-title":"Probiotics inspired from natural ecosystem to inhibit the growth of Vibrio spp. causing white gut syndrome in Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"11","author":"Anas","year":"2021","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100452","article-title":"Advances in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy","volume":"49","author":"Anas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113944","article-title":"4-tert-butylphenol triggers common carp hepatocytes ferroptosis via oxidative stress, iron overload, SLC7A11\/GSH\/GPX4 axis, and ATF4\/HSPA5\/GPX4 axis","volume":"242","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.10.022","article-title":"Atrazine exposure induces necroptosis through the P450\/ROS pathway and causes inflammation in the gill of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","volume":"131","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-005-1014-3","article-title":"Methylene blue is more toxic to erythroleukemic cells than to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells: A possible use in chemotherapy","volume":"56","author":"Kirszberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213410","article-title":"Recent advances of multi-dimensional porphyrin-based functional materials in photodynamic therapy","volume":"420","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01051","article-title":"Targeted Photodynamic Treatment of Bacterial Biofilms Using Curcumin Encapsulated in Cells and Cell Wall Particles","volume":"4","author":"Dou","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1039\/c9pp00352e","article-title":"The effects of aloe emodin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on drug-sensitive and resistant Candida albicans","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2174\/1570163811666140616153436","article-title":"Transformation of curcumin from food additive to multifunctional medicine: Nanotechnology bridging the gap","volume":"11","author":"Akhter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Discov. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100384","article-title":"Curcumin as a photosensitizer: From molecular structure to recent advances in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy","volume":"45","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2022.114104","article-title":"Photoeradication of aquatic pathogens by curcumin for clean and safe drinking water","volume":"432","author":"Moideen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Mekki, N., and Tidey, C. (2016). Over 300,000 Choldren under Five Died from Diarrhoeal Diseases Linked to Limited access to Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in 2015, Unicef. Available online: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/media_92918.html."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferretti, S. (2020). Building capacity and resilience against disease transmitted via water under climate perturbations and extreme weather stress. Space Capacity Building in the XXI Century, Springer. Studies in Space Policy.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21938-3_1"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.736231","article-title":"Economic loss due to diseases in Indian shrimp farming with special reference to Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)","volume":"533","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2016.05.004","article-title":"Photodynamic effect of curcumin on Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2021.112365","article-title":"Phenothiazinium dyes for photodynamic treatment present lower environmental risk compared to a formulation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole","volume":"226","author":"Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6307","DOI":"10.1021\/es049673y","article-title":"Photosensitizers Neutral Red (Type I) and Rose Bengal (Type II) Cause Light-Dependent Toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Induce the Gpxh Gene via Increased Singlet Oxygen Formation","volume":"38","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1562\/2005-09-18-RA-688","article-title":"Ecotoxicological Effects of Combined UVB and Organic Contaminants in Coastal Waters: A Review","volume":"82","author":"Pelletier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002019","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202002019","article-title":"Rethinking Nano-TiO2 Safety: Overview of Toxic Effects in Humans and Aquatic Animals","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blasco, J., and Corsi, I. (2019). Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315158761"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(77)90209-5","article-title":"Decapsulation of Artemia cysts: A simple technique for the improvement of the use of brine shrimp in aquaculture","volume":"12","author":"Sorgeloos","year":"1977","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7915.2011.00297.x","article-title":"Reducing Vibrio load in Artemia nauplii using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A promising strategy to reduce antibiotic application in shrimp larviculture","volume":"5","author":"Asok","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Cook, H.L. (1969). A Method of Rearing Penaeid Shrimp Larvae for Experimental Studies, FAO. FAO Fisheries Report."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Racault, M.-F., Menon, A.A., Jasmin, C., Minu, P., McConville, K., Loveday, B., Platt, T., Sathyendranath, S., Vijayan, V., and George, G. (2019). Environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae: Challenges and opportunities for Ocean-color remote sensing. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11232763"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty149","article-title":"NanoPack: Visualizing and processing long-read sequencing data","volume":"34","author":"Schultz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, D.E., Lu, J., and Langmead, B. (2019). Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2. Genome Biol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191","article-title":"Minimap2: Pairwise alignment for nucleotide sequences","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-019-02094-2","article-title":"Neuroendocrine and immunotoxicity of polyaromatic hydrocarbon, chrysene in crustacean post larvae","volume":"28","author":"Vrinda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2015.02.002","article-title":"Expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR), in lymphoid organ of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in response to Vibrio harveyi infection","volume":"1","author":"Dechamma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15686","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA24161H","article-title":"Fluorescence detection of the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi in solution and animal cells using semiconductor quantum dots","volume":"6","author":"Arshad","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2016.07.037","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of foodborne and food spoilage bacteria by curcumin","volume":"76","author":"Penha","year":"2017","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vahedian-Azimi, A., Abbasifard, M., Rahimi-Bashar, F., Guest, P.C., Majeed, M., Mohammadi, A., Banach, M., Jamialahmadi, T., and Sahebkar, A. (2022). Effectiveness of Curcumin on Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020256"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05037.x","article-title":"Spectral and photochemical properties of curcumin","volume":"59","author":"Chignell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7606","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b00244","article-title":"Degradation of Curcumin: From Mechanism to Biological Implications","volume":"63","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.01.016","article-title":"Curcumin-mediated Photodynamic Therapy for the treatment of oral infections\u2014A review","volume":"21","author":"Santezi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2016.05","article-title":"An in vitro comparison of antimicrobial effects of curcumin-based photodynamic therapy and chlorhexidine, on aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans","volume":"7","author":"Najafi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107181","article-title":"Eradication of planktonic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its sessile biofilm by curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1039\/c9pp00196d","article-title":"Photodynamic inactivation of S. aureus with a water-soluble curcumin salt and an application to cheese decontamination","volume":"18","author":"Campos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100746","article-title":"The Microbial Composition of Penaeid Shrimps\u2019 Hepatopancreas Is Modulated by Hemocyanin","volume":"207","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112220","article-title":"Toxic effects of cadmium and lead exposure on intestinal histology, oxidative stress response, and microbial community of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"167","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl021","article-title":"Erythrosine is a potential photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy of oral plaque biofilms","volume":"57","author":"Wood","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10005","DOI":"10.1021\/jp8018606","article-title":"Photosensitized breakage and damage of DNA by CdSe\u2212 ZnS quantum dots","volume":"112","author":"Anas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14573","DOI":"10.1021\/la5028724","article-title":"Selective photodynamic inactivation of bacterial cells over mammalian cells by new triarylmethanes","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910176","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201910176","article-title":"In Situ Photocatalyzed Oxygen Generation with Photosynthetic Bacteria to Enable Robust Immunogenic Photodynamic Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807727","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201807727","article-title":"Enzymatic Micromotors as a Mobile Photosensitizer Platform for Highly Efficient On-Chip Targeted Antibacteria Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2014.924566","article-title":"The use of chlorine dioxide for the inactivation of copepod zooplankton in drinking water treatment","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-021-02392-8","article-title":"Mechanisms of thermal treatment on two dominant copepod species in O3\/BAC processing of drinking water","volume":"30","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127513","article-title":"Impact of imidacloprid exposure on the biochemical responses, transcriptome, gut microbiota and growth performance of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"424","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.042","article-title":"Impact of nano-sized plastic on the nutritional value and gut microbiota of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei via dietary exposure","volume":"130","author":"Chae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.03.018","article-title":"Toxic effect of chronic waterborne copper exposure on growth, immunity, anti-oxidative capacity and gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"100","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.38.010193.001113","article-title":"Comparative endocrinology of molting and reproduction: Insects and crustaceans","volume":"38","author":"Chang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, H., Jiang, F., Xiong, Y., Jiang, S., Fu, H., Li, F., Zhang, W., Sun, S., Jin, S., and Gong, Y. (2018). Characterization, expression patterns of molt-inhibiting hormone gene of Macrobrachium nipponense and its roles in molting and growth. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198861"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737159","article-title":"Light intensity impacts on growth, molting and oxidative stress of juvenile mud crab Scylla paramamosain","volume":"545","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.07.051","article-title":"Effects of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) on regulation of hemocyte intracellular signaling pathways and phagocytosis in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"93","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.01.007","article-title":"Crustacean hyperglycemic hormones directly modulate the immune response of hemocytes in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01264","article-title":"Variation of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (cHH) level in the eyestalk and haemolymph of the shrimp Palaemon elegans following stress","volume":"207","author":"Lorenzon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746177","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.746177","article-title":"Effects of Low Temperature on Shrimp and Crab Physiology, Behavior, and Growth: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2021.08.002","article-title":"Dietary supplementation of curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles stimulates immune response in the white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio harveyi","volume":"117","author":"Bhoopathy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2021.100981","article-title":"Effects of dietary curcumin on growth performance, lipopolysaccharide-induced immune responses, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in snakehead fish (Channa argus)","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.12.074","article-title":"Optimal dietary curcumin improved growth performance, and modulated innate immunity, antioxidant capacity and related genes expression of NF-\u03baB and Nrf2 signaling pathways in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"97","author":"Ming","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."}],"container-title":["Toxics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/11\/1\/36\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:48:23Z","timestamp":1760147303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/11\/1\/36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["toxics11010036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics11010036","relation":{},"ISSN":["2305-6304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2305-6304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]}}}