{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:49:22Z","timestamp":1792036162095,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]],"date-time":"2023-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ataturk University Scientific Research Project department (BAPS\u0130S)","award":["TDK-2018-6537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDK-2018-6537"]}]},{"name":"Ataturk University Scientific Research Project department (BAPS\u0130S)","award":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"]}]},{"name":"Ataturk University Scientific Research Project department (BAPS\u0130S)","award":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s \u201cHorizon Europe\u201d framework program project name: \u201cEuropean Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC)","award":["TDK-2018-6537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDK-2018-6537"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s \u201cHorizon Europe\u201d framework program project name: \u201cEuropean Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC)","award":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s \u201cHorizon Europe\u201d framework program project name: \u201cEuropean Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC)","award":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"]}]},{"name":"Decree No. 220 of the Russian Federation","award":["TDK-2018-6537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDK-2018-6537"]}]},{"name":"Decree No. 220 of the Russian Federation","award":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"]}]},{"name":"Decree No. 220 of the Russian Federation","award":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mega-grant \u2116220-2961-3099"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The potential health-promoting effects of probiotics against intoxication by pesticides is a topic of increasing commercial interest with limited scientific evidence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the positive effects of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on the male reproductive system under low dose neonicotinoid pesticide exposure conditions. We observed that acetamiprid and imidacloprid caused a degeneration and necrosis of the spermatocytes in the tubular wall, a severe edema of the intertubular region and a hyperemia. This was concomittant to increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine reflecting oxidative stress, and an increase in caspase 3 expression, reflecting apoptosis. According to our results, Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation mitigates these toxic effects. Further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms of protection. Altogether, our study reinforces the burden of evidence from emerging studies linking the composition of the gut microbiome to the function of the reproductive system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11020170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T01:48:56Z","timestamp":1676252936000},"page":"170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Reproductive Effects of S. boulardii on Sub-Chronic Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid Toxicity in Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"\u00c7i\u011fdem","family":"Sevim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty, Kastamonu University, 37150 Kastamonu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1428-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erol","family":"Akp\u0131nar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emrah Hicazi","family":"Aksu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Kastamonu University, 37150 Kastamonu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Do\u011fan","family":"\u00d6m\u00fcr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Atat\u00fcrk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2457-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serkan","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Atat\u00fcrk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7764-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehtap","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmeceutical Toxicology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130smail","family":"Bolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Atat\u00fcrk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristides","family":"Tsatsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology & Forensic Sciences, Medicine Faculty, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1732-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Mesnage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King\u2019s College London School of Medicine, Guy\u2019s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4873-2281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirill S.","family":"Golokhvast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology RAS, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevgi Karabulut","family":"Uzun\u00e7akmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Vocational School, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia Nil\u00fcfer","family":"Ersoylu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114953","article-title":"Environmental occurrence, toxicity concerns, and biodegradation of neonicotinoid insecticides","volume":"218","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. 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