{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:23:57Z","timestamp":1789161837949,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["CORPG3N0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3N0101"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["CORPG3K0194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3K0194"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is limited literature analyzing the outcome of human poisoning with methomyl and cypermethrin pesticide mixture. Between 2002 and 2018, a total of 63 patients intoxicated with methomyl, cypermethrin, or their pesticide mixture were treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The patients were categorized into three groups based on the type of pesticide, as methomyl (n = 10), cypermethrin (n = 31), or methomyl and cypermethrin (n = 22). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and mortality data were obtained for analysis. The patients were aged 54.9 \u00b1 18.9 years. Following ingestion, the patients experienced a wide range of clinical symptoms, including aspiration pneumonia (50.8%), acute respiratory failure (41.3%), acute kidney injury (33.3%), multiple organ failure (19.0%), emesis (19.0%), acute hepatitis (12.7%), diarrhea (7.9%), seizures (4.8%), lacrimation (4.8%), etc. After analysis, it was found that patients with methomyl and cypermethrin poisoning suffered higher incidences of acute respiratory failure (p &lt; 0.001), aspiration pneumonia (p = 0.004), acute kidney injury (p = 0.011), and multiple organ failure (p &lt; 0.001) than the other groups. Laboratory analyses revealed that patients with methomyl and cypermethrin poisoning had a higher creatinine level (p = 0.011), white blood cell count (p &lt; 0.001), and neutrophil count (p = 0.019) than the other groups. A total of seven (11.1%) patients died. The average duration of hospitalization was 9.8 \u00b1 10.0 days. In a multivariate logistic regression model, it was revealed that methomyl pesticide (p = 0.045) or methomyl and cypermethrin pesticide mixture (p = 0.013) were significant risk factors for acute respiratory failure. Nevertheless, no mortality risk factor could be identified. Therefore, the analytical results suggest that methomyl pesticide is the major contributor to the toxicity of methomyl and cypermethrin pesticide mixture poisoning. More research is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11040372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T02:03:38Z","timestamp":1681437818000},"page":"372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Human Poisoning with Methomyl and Cypermethrin Pesticide Mixture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chi-Ang","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Sen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Fan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6172-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Kuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shou-Hsuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hao","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hung","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0907-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzung-Hai","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200524020-00003","article-title":"Poisoning due to Pyrethroids","volume":"24","author":"Bradberry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. 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