{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T19:48:27Z","timestamp":1774468107831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputyship for Research &amp; Innovation","award":["ISP22-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISP22-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Concerns regarding the possible hazards to human health have been raised by the growing usage of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in a variety of applications, including industrial, agricultural, and medical applications. This in vivo subchronic study was conducted to assess the following: (1) the toxicity of orally administered SiNPs on the liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands; (2) the relationship between SiNPs exposure and oxidative stress; and (3) the role of magnesium in mitigating these toxic effects. A total of 24 Sprague Dawley male adult rats were divided equally into four groups, as follows: control group, magnesium (Mg) group (50 mg\/kg\/d), SiNPs group (100 mg\/kg\/d), and SiNPs+ Mg group. Rats were treated with SiNPs by oral gavage for 90 days. The liver transaminases, serum creatinine, and cortisol levels were evaluated. The tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Additionally, the weight of the organs and the histopathological changes were examined. Our results demonstrated that SiNPs exposure caused increased weight in the kidneys and adrenal glands. Exposure to SiNPs was also associated with significant alterations in liver transaminases, serum creatinine, cortisol, MDA, and GSH. Additionally, histopathological changes were significantly reported in the liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands of SiNPs-treated rats. Notably, when we compared the control group with the treated groups with SiNPs and Mg, the results revealed that magnesium could mitigate SiNPs-induced biochemical and histopathologic changes, confirming its effective role as an antioxidant that reduced the accumulation of SiNPs in tissues, and that it returns the levels of liver transaminases, serum creatinine, cortisol, MDA, and GSH to almost normal values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11040381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T05:51:41Z","timestamp":1681710701000},"page":"381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Magnesium Supplementation Alleviates the Toxic Effects of Silica Nanoparticles on the Kidneys, Liver, and Adrenal Glands in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4281-3072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Moharram","family":"Badawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0777-8256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Z.","family":"Sayed-Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8385-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosif","family":"Almoshari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6164-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad S.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9626-219X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba Allah Ali","family":"Mabrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa M.","family":"Abd-Elsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1846-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Alkashif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarfaraz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1837-3182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"El-Sebaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed G.","family":"Hamama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalia Alsaied Moustafa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2011.12.003","article-title":"Recent progress and perspectives on the toxicity of carbon nanotubes at organism, organ, cell, and biomacromolecule levels","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. 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