{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:21:24Z","timestamp":1789539684529,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP2023R48"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R48"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bio-insecticidal research has focused on long-term vector control using essential oils (EOs). This study examined the larvicidal, oviposition-deterrent, and repellent properties of five medicinal herb-based EO formulations (EOFs) on mosquitoes that are vectors of dengue, filariasis, and malaria. EOFs were significantly more toxic to the larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes aegypti with LC50 = 9.23, 12.85, and 14.46 ppm, as well with 10.22, 11.39, and 12.81 ppm, with oviposition active indexes of \u22120.84, \u22120.95, and \u22120.92, respectively. Oviposition-deterrent repellence was found in 91.39%, 94.83%, and 96.09%. EOs and N, N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) were prepared at various concentrations for time duration repellent bioassays (6.25\u2013100 ppm). Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi, and Cx. quinquefasciatus were monitored for 300, 270, and 180 min, respectively. At 100 ppm, EOs and DEET had comparable repellence in terms of test durations. EOF\u2019s primary components d-limonene (12.9%), 2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl, (Z) (12.2%), acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester (19.6%), verbenol (7.6%), and benzyl benzoate (17.4%) may be combined to make a mosquito larvicidal and repellant equivalent to synthetic repellent lotions. In the molecular dynamics simulations, limonene (\u22126.1 kcal\/mol) and benzyl benzoate (\u22127.5 kcal\/mol) had a positive chemical association with DEET (\u22126.3 kcal\/mol) and interacted with the OBP binding pocket with high affinity and stability. This research will help local herbal product manufacturers and the cosmetics industry in developing 100% herbal insect repellent products to combat mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue, malaria, and filariasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11060517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T02:03:18Z","timestamp":1686276198000},"page":"517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Novel Essential Oils Blend as a Repellent and Toxic Agent against Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chinnaperumal","family":"Kamaraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajappan Chandra","family":"Satish Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Al-Ghanim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Nicoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Foundation in Unam Sapientiam, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Sathiyamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ayurvedic Manufacturing, Kancheepuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0792-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabarathinam","family":"Sarvesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7476-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinnasamy","family":"Ragavendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4662-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marimuthu","family":"Govindarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-019-03147-w","article-title":"Phytochemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from herbal plants","volume":"250","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). 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