{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:20:34Z","timestamp":1781724034230,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Consumption of St. John\u2019s wort plant is high worldwide due to its various medicinal properties. However, herbal products containing St. John\u2019s wort may be contaminated with toxic metals. This is often related to contamination of both water and the atmosphere, lack of proper cultivation methods, and inadequate plant storage conditions, as well as a lack of stricter sanitary supervision. A safety assessment of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) content in 23 products containing St. John\u2019s wort (pharmaceutical herbal products, food supplements and traditional herbal remedies) sold in the metropolitan area of Mexico City was conducted. The analysis of metals was determined using a graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. All herbal products were contaminated with Cu, Pb, Cd and As. The pharmaceutical herbal items showed less contamination by metals. The daily human intake (DHI) values for Pb exceeded the permissible limits in the group of traditional herbal remedies. The DHI calculation for As exceeded the permitted intake values for all items in the group of traditional herbal remedies, five food supplements and one pharmaceutical herbal product. The hazard indicator calculation of the non-carcinogenic cumulative risk values for traditional herbal remedies was greater than 1, suggesting a risk to human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11090801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T21:16:49Z","timestamp":1695331009000},"page":"801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Human Health Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Other Metals in Herbal Products Containing St. John\u2019s Wort in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9079-3267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis esq. Salvador D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n s\/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ruiz-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, S.S., Avenida Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betzabeth A.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, S.S., Calzada M\u00e9xico-Xochimilco 289, Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arely M.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurotoxicolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, S.S., Avenida Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Osorio-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, S.S., Avenida Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, S.S., Calzada M\u00e9xico-Xochimilco 289, Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1415-5524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo Arturo","family":"Res\u00e9ndiz-Albor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis esq. Salvador D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n s\/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Phyroremediation of heavy metals-contaminated sites: Eco-environmental concerns, field studies, sustainability issues, and future prospects","volume":"249","author":"Saxena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-01098-4","article-title":"The environmental geochemical baseline, background and sources of metal and metalloids present in urban, peri-urban and rural soils in the O\u2019Higgins region, Chile","volume":"44","author":"Aliaga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. 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