{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:37:26Z","timestamp":1760150246354,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MoHERI)","award":["BFP\/RGP\/EBR\/22\/202","RGP2\/447\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFP\/RGP\/EBR\/22\/202","RGP2\/447\/44"]}]},{"name":"Large Groups Project","award":["BFP\/RGP\/EBR\/22\/202","RGP2\/447\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFP\/RGP\/EBR\/22\/202","RGP2\/447\/44"]}]},{"name":"Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","award":["BFP\/RGP\/EBR\/22\/202","RGP2\/447\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFP\/RGP\/EBR\/22\/202","RGP2\/447\/44"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Benzene, a potent carcinogen, is known to cause acute myeloid leukaemia. While chemotherapy is commonly used for cancer treatment, its side effects have prompted scientists to explore natural products that can mitigate the haematotoxic effects induced by chemicals. One area of interest is nano-theragnostics, which aims to enhance the therapeutic potential of natural products. This study aimed to enhance the effects of methanolic extracts from Ocimum basilicum, Rosemarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris by loading them onto silica nanobeads (SNBs) for targeted delivery to mitigate the benzene-induced haematotoxic effects. The SNBs, 48 nm in diameter, were prepared using a chemical method and were then loaded with the plant extracts. The plant-extract-loaded SNBs were then coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The modified SNBs were characterized using various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV\u2013visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The developed plant-extract-loaded and CMC-modified SNBs were administered intravenously to benzene-exposed rats, and haematological and histopathological profiling was conducted. Rats exposed to benzene showed increased liver and spleen weight, which was mitigated by the plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The differential white blood cell (WBC) count was higher in rats with benzene-induced haematotoxicity, but this count decreased significantly in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. Additionally, blast cells observed in benzene-exposed rats were not found in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The SNBs facilitated targeted drug delivery of the three selected medicinal herbs at low doses. These results suggest that SNBs have promising potential as targeted drug delivery agents to mitigate haematotoxic effects induced by benzene in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11100865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:25:09Z","timestamp":1697531109000},"page":"865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mitigation of Benzene-Induced Haematotoxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats through Plant-Extract-Loaded Silica Nanobeads"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Touseef","family":"Rehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Women University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anum","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7017-815X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneesa","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2971-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khulood Fahad","family":"Alabbosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Waseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8271-2578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazhar","family":"Ul-Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for\r\nAdvanced Materials Science (RCAMS), Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essam H.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo 12611, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2984-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Wajid","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofuels Institute, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9125-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasrullah","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Li, C., Yu, G., Sun, L., Guo, S., Sai, L., Bo, C., Xing, C., Shao, H., and Peng, C. 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