{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T21:23:53Z","timestamp":1793309033751,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation","award":["Grant Number: INV-016826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Number: INV-016826"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Limited evidence is available regarding the association between acute exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of urticaria, even though the skin is an organ with direct contact with the external environment. This study utilized generalized additive models to investigate the association between particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 \u03bcm (PM10) and 2.5 \u03bcm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), and daily outpatient visits for urticaria in Guangzhou, China from 2013 to 2017. We also estimated the attributable fraction of urticaria outpatient visits due to air pollution. A total of 216,648 outpatient visits due to urticaria occurred during the study period. All air pollutants were significantly associated with an increased excess risk of urticaria. Each 10 \u03bcg\/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 was associated with an increase of 1.23% (95% CI: 0.42%, 2.06%), 0.88% (95% CI: 0.28%, 1.49%), 3.09% (95% CI: 2.16%, 4.03%), and 2.82% (95% CI: 0.93%, 4.74%) in hospital visits for urticaria at lag05, respectively. It was estimated that 3.77% (95% CI: 1.26%, 6.38%), 1.91% (95% CI: 0.60%, 3.26%), 6.36% (95% CI: 4.38%, 8.41%), and 0.08% (95% CI: 0.03%, 0.14%) of urticaria outpatient visits were attributable to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 using the World Health Organization\u2019s air quality guideline as the reference. Relatively stronger associations were observed during the cold season. This study indicates that short-term air pollution may play a significant role in outpatient visits for urticaria, and that such relationships could be modified by season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11120949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T12:12:13Z","timestamp":1700568733000},"page":"949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Short-Term Ambient Air Pollution and Urticaria in Guangzhou, China: Estimating the Association and Population Attributable Fraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Huanli","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Matusik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wunderlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Health-West Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2132-9599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Babich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Public Health, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Hartford, CT 06134, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilianne","family":"Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen Edward","family":"McMillin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingdong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou 510095, China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.03.030","article-title":"Urticaria and Angioedema Across the Ages","volume":"8","author":"Saini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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