{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T13:31:45Z","timestamp":1784295105851,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["# 2114655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 2114655"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is a trace gas in the atmosphere, often used as an indicator of biogenic emissions. It is frequently compared to formaldehyde concentrations, which serve as indicators of anthropogenic emissions, to gain insights into the characteristics of the environmental source. This study employed broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy to detect gaseous CHOCHO, methylglyoxal, and NO2. Two different detection methods are compared. Spectrograph and CCD Detection: This approach involves coupling the system to a spectrograph with a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. It achieved a 1 min 1-\u03c3 detection limit of 2.5 \u00d7 108 molecules\/cm3, or 10 parts per trillion (ppt). Methylglyoxal and NO2 achieved 1 min 1-\u03c3 detection limits of 34 ppt and 22 ppt, respectively. Interferometer and PMT Detection: In this method, an interferometer is used in conjunction with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector. It resulted in a 2 min 1-\u03c3 detection limit of 1.5 \u00d7 1010 molecules\/cm3, or 600 ppt. The NO2 2 min 1-\u03c3 detection limit was determined to be 900 ppt. Concentrations of methylglyoxal were difficult to determine using this method, as they appeared to be below the detection limit of the instrument. This study discusses the advantages and limitations of each of these detection methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12010026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T09:35:21Z","timestamp":1703756121000},"page":"26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS) Coupled with an Interferometer for On-Band and Off-Band Detection of Glyoxal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4172-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Callum E.","family":"Flowerday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1893-7315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Thalman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Snow College, Richfield, UT 84701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Asplund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2894-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaron C.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency (2023, October 30). 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