{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:44:26Z","timestamp":1787503466299,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral School of the Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest GID\u20142023"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The article aims to analyze the pollution with Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emitted from the biggest refinery in Romania, using the daily and monthly series registered for two years in two sites on the industrial platform, and the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for workers at the industrial plant. Since the values of the basic statistics (minimum, maximum, and average) and outliers indicate that most recorded values exceed the maximum admissible limits established by law, the Peaks Over Threshold (POT) method was utilized to model the maximum values of the series and determine the return levels for benzene and total VOC (TVOC). Given the high values obtained for relatively short return periods, indicating potential danger for the workers, we assessed the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to benzene and TVOC exposure by computing the hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR). The results indicate that 43.75% of the HI values are above 1, indicating a relatively high noncarcinogenic risk for different categories of workers. LRC indicates a high LRC for 93.75% of the workers in all considered categories exposed to TVOC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12030187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T10:37:36Z","timestamp":1709116656000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessing Benzene and TVOC Pollution and the Carcinogenic and Noncarcinogenic Risks to Workers in an Industrial Plant in Southeastern Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4229-2238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian-Barbu","family":"Barbe\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, 122-124 Lacul Tei Bvd., 020396 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9840-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"B\u0103rbulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, 5 Turnului Str., 500152 Bra\u015fov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucica","family":"Barbe\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constan\u021ba, 124 Mamaia Bd., 900112 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313, Splaiul Independen\u0163ei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Brinkmann, T., Both, R., Scalet, B.M., Roudier, S., and Delgado Sancho, L. 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