{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:56:56Z","timestamp":1760144216247,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia","award":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"]}]},{"name":"FAPESB","award":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities","award":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESB-PPSUS 0015\/2021","421550\/2018-0","T37 MD001452","5T37MD001452-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Kidney dysfunction is increasing worldwide and is exacerbated by exposure to toxic metals. Also, pregnancy poses an overload on kidney function. We investigated how blood lead (PbB) and cadmium (CdB) levels were associated with kidney function in pregnant women from Rec\u00f4ncavo Baiano, Brazil, during their second trimester. In this cross-sectional study, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine and whole blood metal levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 136 volunteers. Sociodemographic data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The medians (IQR) of PbB, CdB, and eGFR were 0.85 \u00b5g\/dL (0.45\u20131.75), 0.55 \u00b5g\/L (0.08\u20130.91), and 121.8 mL\/min\/1.73 m2 (106.0\u2013127.9), respectively. PbB medians were significantly higher in the eGFR &lt; 90 group at 2.00 \u00b5g\/dL (0.83, 3.10). After age-adjusted logistic regression, pregnant women with elevated PbB levels had decreased eGFR (OR = 1.82; 95%-CI, 1.14\u20133.14). However, the participants with elevated PbB levels who reported consuming alcohol during pregnancy or had CdB in the highest tertile had higher odds of reduced eGFR (OR = 2.44; 95%-CI, 1.30\u20135.47) and (OR = 11.22; 95% CI, 2.53\u2013103.51), respectively. These results suggest that low Pb exposure may affect kidney function in pregnant women and calls for further investigation into toxic metal co-exposures on kidney function during pregnancy in at-risk communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12040261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:39:37Z","timestamp":1711892377000},"page":"261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Analysis Investigating Pregnant Women\u2019s Renal Function and Its Association with Lead and Cadmium Exposures\u2014The DSAN Birth Cohort Study in Rec\u00f4ncavo Baiano, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5892-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Er\u00e9ndira C.","family":"Di Giuseppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hom\u00e8gnon A.","family":"Ferr\u00e9ol Bah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0369-6555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erival A.","family":"Gomes J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1369-342X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nath\u00e1lia R.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisy O.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0537-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor O.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-134X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elis","family":"Mac\u00eado Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o V.","family":"Ara\u00fajo Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7128-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"da S. Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Menezes-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2013.01.012","article-title":"Renal physiology of pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. 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