{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:02:57Z","timestamp":1792800177127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drug-induced liver disease (DILI) represents one of the main problems in the therapeutic field. There are several non-modifiable risk factors, such as age and sex, and all drugs can cause hepatotoxicity of varying degrees, including those for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of this review is to illustrate the adverse effects on the liver of the various drugs used in the treatment of IBD, highlighting which drugs are safest to use based on current knowledge. The mechanism by which drugs cause hepatotoxicity is not fully understood. A possible cause is represented by the formation of toxic metabolites, which in some patients may be increased due to alterations in the enzymatic apparatus involved in drug metabolism. Various studies have shown that the drugs that can most frequently cause hepatotoxicity are immunosuppressants, while mesalazine and biological drugs are, for the most part, less associated with such complications. Therefore, it is possible to assume that in the future, biological therapies could become the first line for the treatment of IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12060421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T08:59:06Z","timestamp":1718009946000},"page":"421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapies and Acute Liver Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Catanzaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, \u201cGaspare Rodolico\u201d Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention, 20144 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Yazdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02116, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morena","family":"Sciuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialization School in Digestive System Diseases, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2681","article-title":"Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"8","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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