{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:53:33Z","timestamp":1790283213617,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)","award":["R01ES022955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES022955"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)","award":["R01ES009718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES009718"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)","award":["R01ES034700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES034700"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)","award":["R01ES033651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES033651"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)","award":["P30ES000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES000002"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund","award":["R01ES022955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES022955"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund","award":["R01ES009718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES009718"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund","award":["R01ES034700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES034700"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund","award":["R01ES033651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES033651"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund","award":["P30ES000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES000002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined whether mixtures of urinary concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), parabens and phthalate metabolites were associated with serum lipid levels among 175 pregnant women who enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study (2005\u20132017), including triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). We applied Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation while adjusting for confounders. In the BKMR models, we found no associations between chemical mixture and lipid levels, e.g., total cholesterol [mean difference (95% CRI, credible interval) = 0.02 (\u22120.31, 0.34)] and LDL [mean difference (95% CRI) = 0.10 (\u22120.22, 0.43)], when comparing concentrations at the 75th to the 25th percentile. When stratified by BMI, we found suggestive positive relationships between urinary propylparaben and total cholesterol and LDL among women with high BMI [mean difference (95% CRI) = 0.25 (\u22120.26, 0.75) and 0.35 (\u22120.25, 0.95)], but not with low BMI [mean difference (95% CRI) = 0.00 (\u22120.06, 0.07) and 0.00 (\u22120.07, 0.07)]. No association was found by quantile g-computation. This exploratory study suggests mixtures of phenol and phthalate metabolites were not associated with serum lipid levels during pregnancy, while there were some suggestive associations for certain BMI subgroups. Larger longitudinal studies with multiple assessments of both exposure and outcome are needed to corroborate these novel findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12080574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T08:42:28Z","timestamp":1723020148000},"page":"574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mixtures of Urinary Phenol and Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations in Relation to Serum Lipid Levels among Pregnant Women: Results from the EARTH Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8746-5801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xilin","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilien","family":"G\u00e9nard-Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)\u2014UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamarra","family":"James-Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Rexrode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women\u2019s Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia M.","family":"Calafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center on Children\u2019s Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Chavarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russ","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2370-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"M\u00ednguez-Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the EARTH Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1010","article-title":"EDC-2: The Endocrine Society\u2019s Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals","volume":"36","author":"Gore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2013.69","article-title":"Personal Care Product Use and Urinary Phthalate Metabolite and Paraben Concentrations during Pregnancy among Women from a Fertility Clinic","volume":"24","author":"Braun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. 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