{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:42:08Z","timestamp":1790336528000,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2023YFC3708305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3708305"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["202204051002024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202204051002024"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Team of Shanxi Province","award":["2023YFC3708305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3708305"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Team of Shanxi Province","award":["202204051002024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202204051002024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) is a potential risk factor for metabolic damage to the liver. Epidemiological studies suggest that elevated PM2.5 concentrations cause changes in hepatic metabolism, but there is a lack of laboratory evidence. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of PM2.5 exposure on liver metabolism in C57BL\/6j female mice (10 months old) and to explore the mechanisms underlying metabolic alterations and differential gene expressions by combining metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses. The metabolomics results showed that PM2.5 exposure notably affected the metabolism of amino acids and organic acids and caused hepatic lipid and bile acid accumulation. The transcriptomic analyses revealed that PM2.5 exposure led to a series of metabolic pathway abnormalities, including steroid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, etc. Among them, the changes in the bile acid pathway might be one of the causes of liver damage in mice. In conclusion, this study clarified the changes in liver metabolism in mice caused by PM2.5 exposure through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, revealed that abnormal bile acid metabolism is the key regulatory mechanism leading to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in mice, and provided laboratory evidence for further clarifying the effects of PM2.5 on body metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12080587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T10:54:54Z","timestamp":1723546494000},"page":"587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cross-Omics Analyses Reveal the Effects of Ambient PM2.5 Exposure on Hepatic Metabolism in Female Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9478-0201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","article-title":"Global Burden and Strength of Evidence for 88 Risk Factors in 204 Countries and 811 Subnational Locations, 1990\u20132021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Brauer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30427-1","article-title":"Mortality, Morbidity, and Risk Factors in China and Its Provinces, 1990\u20132017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"394","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Shen, X., Liu, J., Wu, C., Gao, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, F., Ding, W., and Lu, Z. 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