{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T21:40:29Z","timestamp":1785879629065,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ototoxicity refers to the adverse effects of substances on auditory or vestibular functions. This study examines the evidence of ototoxicity\u2019s association with exposure to common environmental pollutants, as documented in toxicological profiles by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Our aim was to evaluate whether the evidence supports modifying the charting of ototoxic effects in the summary tables of these toxicological profiles and providing a guide for scientists to access these data. Health outcomes of interest included hearing loss, vestibular effects, cochlear lesions, tonal alterations, cellular damage, and ototoxicity-related outcomes (neurological, nephrotoxic, hepatic, and developmental effects). We obtained ototoxicity information for 62 substances. Hearing-related effects were reported, along with neurological effects. Overall, 26 profiles reported strong evidence of ototoxicity, including 13 substances previously designated as ototoxic by other health and safety agencies. Commonly studied outcomes included hearing loss, damage to ear anatomy, and auditory dysfunction. Vestibular dysfunction and tinnitus are rarely studied. Our findings highlight the lack of conclusive evidence of ototoxic properties for many substances, especially for pesticides and herbicides. This review supports charting the evidence of ototoxicity separately in toxicological profiles\u2019 summary tables. Improving the communication of ototoxicity-related health effects might impact their recognition and prompt further research. A stronger evidence base could support improved prevention efforts in terms of serious health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12090650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T08:46:22Z","timestamp":1725439582000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Which Environmental Pollutants Are Toxic to Our Ears?\u2014Evidence of the Ototoxicity of Common Substances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6897-3720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Zarus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5837-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rae","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Office of Innovation and Analytics, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-4831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystin","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layna","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Tech School of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0320-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais C.","family":"Morata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.506","article-title":"Hearing loss prevalence in the United States","volume":"171","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. 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