{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:07:25Z","timestamp":1792858045914,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]],"date-time":"2024-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An innovative SPME head space GC\u2013MS method, in cooling mode, using a fully automated routine, was developed to detect 2-phenyl-2-propanol, a representative urinary metabolite of cumene. Following an acid hydrolysis and derivatization step with lowered quantities of reagents, acetic anhydride and pyridine, a 30 \u03bcm polydimethylsiloxane SPME fiber was used to sample derivatized 2-phenyl-2-propanol, such as benzenemethanol,\u03b1,\u03b1-dimethyl-acetate, from the headspace. Performances of the method, optimized through experimental design, provide an LOD of 0.034 mg\/L and an LOQ 0.10 mg\/L, with a short sampling time necessary per sample. The method, developed on standard solutions, will be applied to both occupationally exposed and non-exposed populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12100743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T10:11:04Z","timestamp":1729073464000},"page":"743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Regarding Bioanalysis Lasting a Few Minutes: Automated Cooling-SPME and Fast-GC for Urinary 2-Phenyl-2-Propanol Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Dugheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Fanfani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5623-1671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Marigliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Bucaletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8665-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Squillaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Rapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3804-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Pizzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eni Health, Safety, Environment & Quality EE, Via Ribotta 51, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Manetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eni Health, Safety, Environment & Quality EE, Via Ribotta 51, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Pavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eni Health, Safety, Environment & Quality EE, Via Ribotta 51, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Secchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eni Energy Evolution, REVT Livorno Refinery, Via Aurelia 7, 57017 Collesalvetti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Rainaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eni Energy Evolution, REVT Livorno Refinery, Via Aurelia 7, 57017 Collesalvetti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0579-1035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, May 20). Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products, Food and Drinking-Water, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK373179\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, May 20). Harmonised Classification\u2014Annex VI of Regulation (EC) (CLP Regulation). Available online: https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/it\/information-on-chemicals\/cl-inventory-database\/-\/discli\/details\/132275."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2024, May 20). Carc and Muta Directive, Annex 1\u2014Substances, Mixtures & Processes. Available online: https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/it\/carcinogens-mutagens-dir-2004-37."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Commissione Europea (2024, May 20). Direttiva (UE) 2019\/1831 del 24 Ottobre 2019 sui Valori Limite di Esposizione Professionale. Gazzetta Ufficiale dell\u2019Unione Europea, L279, Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2019\/1831\/oj."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2024, May 20). Cumene: WHO International Chemical Safety Cards. Available online: https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/dyn\/icsc\/showcard.display?p_lang=en&p_card_id=0170&p_version=2."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Cumene (2024, May 20). CDC-Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentration (IDLH), Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/idlh\/98828.html."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2024, May 20). Cumene. Available online: https:\/\/www.acgih.org\/cumene\/."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (2013). 2-Phenyl-2-propanol in urine. The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety, Wiley. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5604\/1231868X.1232634","article-title":"Cumene Documentation of proposed values of occupationalexposure limits (OELs)","volume":"33","author":"Jankowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Podstawy Metody Oceny \u015ar. Pr."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2024, May 20). SCOEL\/REC\/029 2-Phenylpropane (Cumene): Recommendation from the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits: Corrigendum. Available online: https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2767\/120149."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)98479-6","article-title":"Simultaneous gas chromatographic determination of the cumene metabolites 2-phenylpropanol-1 and 2-phenylpropanol-2 in urine","volume":"154","author":"Goenechea","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(1999). Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2006.02.057","article-title":"H14[NaP5W30O110]: A heteropoly acid catalyzed acetylation of alcohols and phenols in acetic anhydride","volume":"253","author":"Heravi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.928","article-title":"Determination of aldoses and ketoses by GC-MS using differential derivatisation","volume":"17","author":"Ye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Biermann, C.J., and McGinnis, G.D. (1988). Analysis of Carbohydrates by GLC and MS, CRC Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-50532009000200021","article-title":"Simultaneous quantification of amphetamines and ephedrines in urine by GC\/MS using analytical-grade acetic anhydride\/pyridine as derivatizing reagents: A suitable approach to reduce costs of routine analyses","volume":"20","author":"Bergo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Braz. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)81547-2","article-title":"Application of a direct aqueous acetylation technique to the gas chromatographic quantitation of nitrophenols and 1-naphthol in environmental water samples","volume":"195","author":"Coutts","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8690569","article-title":"Advanced Solid-Phase Microextraction Techniques and Related Automation: A Review of Commercially Available Technologies","volume":"2022","author":"Dugheri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Methods Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00218a019","article-title":"Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers","volume":"62","author":"Arthur","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dugheri, S., Bonari, A., Gentili, M., Cappelli, G., Pompilio, I., Bossi, C., Arcangeli, G., Campagna, M., and Mucci, N. (2018). High-Throughput Analysis of Selected Urinary Hydroxy Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Innovative Automated Solid-Phase Microextraction. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201806.0364.v1"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dugheri, S., Pizzella, G., Mucci, N., Bonari, A., Cappelli, G., Santillo, M., Rainaldi, I., Pompilio, I., Carrara, M., and Rapisarda, V. (2022). Low-Dose Benzene Exposure Monitoring of Oil Refinery Workers: Inhalation and Biomarkers. Atmosphere, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13030450"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1556\/AChrom.21.2009.3.3","article-title":"Analysis of 2-Chloroacetophenone in air by multi-fiber solid-phase microextraction and fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"21","author":"Pacenti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(03)00448-5","article-title":"Practical approaches to fast gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"1000","author":"Lehotay","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200401912","article-title":"Rapid determination of C6-aldehydes in tomato plant emission by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization","volume":"28","author":"Deng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/972926","article-title":"New Automated and High-Throughput Quantitative Analysis of Urinary Ketones by Multifiber Exchange-Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled to Fast Gas Chromatography\/Negative Chemical-Electron Ionization\/Mass Spectrometry","volume":"2010","author":"Pacenti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Autom. Methods Manag. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.04.019","article-title":"A facile cooling-assisted solid-phase microextraction device for solvent-free sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil based on matrix solid-phase dispersion technique","volume":"1115","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.04.088","article-title":"New cold-fiber headspace solid-phase microextraction device for quantitative extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment","volume":"1124","author":"Ghiasvand","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1080\/03601230701465536","article-title":"Application of a novel cold activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction for analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soil","volume":"42","author":"Chai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dugheri, S., Cappelli, G., Fanfani, N., Ceccarelli, J., Marrubini, G., Squillaci, D., Traversini, V., Gori, R., Mucci, N., and Arcangeli, G. (2023). A New Perspective on SPME and SPME Arrow: Formaldehyde Determination by On-Sample Derivatization Coupled with Multiple and Cooling-Assisted Extractions. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28145441"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)00161-8","article-title":"Multiple solid-phase microextraction","volume":"878","author":"Koster","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8688","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0613942","article-title":"Screening of Tropical Fruit Volatile Compounds Using Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Fibers and Internally Cooled SPME Fiber","volume":"54","author":"Carasek","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1809","article-title":"Determination of flavour profile in Iranian fragrant rice samples using cold-fibre SPME\u2013GC\u2013TOF\u2013MS","volume":"22","author":"Ghiasvand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.05.026","article-title":"Study of desorption kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from solid matrices using internally cooled coated fiber","volume":"652","author":"Haddadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.11.056","article-title":"Comparison of direct, headspace and headspace cold fiber modes in solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a new coating based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\/graphene oxide composite","volume":"1325","author":"Banitaba","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pati, S., Tufariello, M., Crupi, P., Coletta, A., Grieco, F., and Losito, I. (2021). Quantification of Volatile Compounds in Wines by HS-SPME-GC\/MS: Critical Issues and Use of Multivariate Statistics in Method Optimization. Processes, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9040662"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2009.04.077","article-title":"Determination of carbonyl compounds in beer by derivatisation and headspace solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry","volume":"1216","author":"Saison","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.04.012","article-title":"Experimental designs for solid-phase microextraction method development in bioanalysis: A review","volume":"1119","author":"Marrubini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.01.013","article-title":"A new tool for the evaluation of the analytical procedure: Green Analytical Procedure Index","volume":"181","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00034a020","article-title":"Dynamics of organic compound extraction from water using liquid-coated fused silica fibers","volume":"64","author":"Louch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"661","article-title":"Comparison of extraction techniques for gas chromatographic determination of volatile carbonyl compounds in alcohols","volume":"369","author":"Wardencki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00062a008","article-title":"Headspace solid-phase microextraction","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1039","article-title":"Determination of organic acids in urine by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography\u2013ion trap tandem mass spectrometry previous \u2018in sample\u2019 derivatization with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate","volume":"22","author":"Pacenti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1021\/ac960633p","article-title":"Estimation of Air\/Coating Distribution Coefficients for Solid Phase Microextraction Using Retention Indexes from Linear Temperature-Programmed Capillary Gas Chromatography. Application to the Sampling and Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Air","volume":"69","author":"Martos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2024, May 20). CAT (Chemometric Agile Tool). Available online: http:\/\/gruppochemiometria.it\/index.php\/software."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00409385","article-title":"Breath and blood levels of benzene, toluene, cumene and styrene in non-occupational exposure","volume":"61","author":"Brugnone","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00073a027","article-title":"Optimization of solid-phase microextraction conditions for determination of phenols","volume":"66","author":"Buchholz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2009.05.072","article-title":"A novel headspace solid-phase microextraction method using in situ derivatization and a diethoxydiphenylsilane fibre for the gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry determination of urinary hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"1216","author":"Mattarozzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02492127","article-title":"Solid-phase microextraction\u2014On-fibre derivatization with comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography analysis oftrans-resveratrol in wine","volume":"57","author":"Shao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133217","article-title":"Hollow fiber membrane-protected amino\/hydroxyl bifunctional microporous organic network fiber for solid-phase microextraction of bisphenols A, F, S, and triclosan in breast milk and infant formula","volume":"390","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11158","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b01643","article-title":"Covalent Organic Framework as Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Chlorophenols Followed by Quantification with Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry","volume":"66","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.02.022","article-title":"Multiple solid phase microextraction combined with ambient mass spectrometry for rapid and sensitive detection of trace chemical compounds in aqueous solution","volume":"1107","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"863019","article-title":"Determination of Lactones in Wines by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry","volume":"2014","author":"Conde","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anal. Methods Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068359e","article-title":"Green Analytical Methodologies","volume":"107","author":"Keith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2012.03.013","article-title":"Analytical Eco-Scale for assessing the greenness of analytical procedures","volume":"37","author":"Migaszewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC03875A","article-title":"Making the move towards modernized greener separations: Introduction of the analytical method greenness score (AMGS) calculator","volume":"21","author":"Hicks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40508-016-0051-z","article-title":"Tools and techniques for solvent selection: Green solvent selection guides","volume":"4","author":"Byrne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Process."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tietje, C., and Brouder, A. (2009). Handbook of Transnational Economic Governance Regimes, Brill|Nijhoff.","DOI":"10.1163\/ej.9789004163300.i-1081"}],"container-title":["Toxics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/12\/10\/743\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:12:36Z","timestamp":1760112756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/12\/10\/743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["toxics12100743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics12100743","relation":{},"ISSN":["2305-6304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2305-6304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,13]]}}}