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This study takes a municipal solid waste incineration power plant in central China as an example to comprehensively explore the potential ecological and environmental impacts of municipal solid waste incineration power generation through life cycle assessment methods. Burning one ton of waste can recover 7342 joules of thermal energy. Compared with traditional landfill, incineration can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 30%, with a potential global warming impact of \u22120.69 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent. Amongst environmental impacts, land, freshwater, and marine ecosystems possess the greatest potential toxicity, followed by the harmful effects on human health and the influence of ozone-producing photochemical pollution. Lastly, there comes terrestrial acidification, whereas other types of effects can be relatively disregarded in comparison. In the process of waste incineration power generation, the potential impacts of global warming, ionizing radiation, and fossil resource scarcity are less than zero, indicating that this is an environmentally friendly process. In response to the above-mentioned environmental impacts, it is necessary to pay attention to improving incineration efficiency, optimizing leachate treatment, reducing coal use, and controlling acidic gas emissions in the process of urban solid waste incineration power generation. This research offers insights into advancing environmentally sustainable technologies for utilizing waste as an energy resource.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12110786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T06:29:57Z","timestamp":1730183397000},"page":"786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Assessing the Environmental Impact of Municipal Waste on Energy Incineration Technology for Power Generation Using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9642-9973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiting","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410114, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory of Southern Forestry Ecological Application Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Hydropower Development, PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqiang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9830-6176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongkui","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunhong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangrong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Hydropower Development, PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, J. 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