{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:35:53Z","timestamp":1759970153491,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"]}]},{"name":"Key Research &amp; Developmental Program of Hubei Province","award":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"]}]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Innovative Talents Foundation from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University","award":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of the University Outstanding Youth Backbone Talented Person Foreign Visits Study Does Research of Anhui Province","award":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2705700","2022BCA042","JCRCWL-2022-001","JCRCWL-2022-009","72122001","82101681","gxgwfx2020025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The effect of the long-term persistently elevated air pollutants, often referred to as air pollution waves, on sexual function has not been sufficiently addressed. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study involved 12,157 participants, with 5496 females and 5039 males. PM waves were characterized by daily average PM concentrations surpassing Grade II thresholds of China\u2019s ambient air quality standards (PM2.5 &gt; 75 \u03bcg\/m3, PM10 &gt; 150 \u03bcg\/m3) for three or more consecutive days (3\u20138 days). Male sexual function was assessed through the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), while female sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). A multivariate linear regression model was employed to investigate the link between PM wave exposure and sexual function. Results: Exposure to PM10 waves, defined as 3 (\u03b2 = \u22120.0145, 95%CI = \u22120.0280, \u22120.0010), 4 (\u03b2 = \u22120.0145, 95%CI = \u22120.0280, \u22120.0010), 5 (\u03b2 = \u22120.0193, 95%CI = \u22120.0371, \u22120.0015), 6 (\u03b2 = \u22120.0218, 95%CI = \u22120.0415, \u22120.0021), 7 (\u03b2 = \u22120.0243, 95%CI = \u22120.0458, \u22120.0028), and 8 (\u03b2 = \u22120.0243, 95%CI = \u22120.0458, \u22120.0028) consecutive days, negatively impacted IIEF-5 scores and male sexual function. Moreover, depression levels, as evaluated by the PHQ-9, played a mediating role in the connection between PM10 waves and IIEF-5 scores. The potentially vulnerable subgroups were the younger 20\u201330 and the low-income groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest for the first time that PM10 waves are associated with decreased IIEF-5 scores, which are mediated by depression score PHQ-9, informing policy formulation for public health interventions and individual safeguarding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13010039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T08:08:52Z","timestamp":1736150932000},"page":"39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association Between Fine Particle Waves and Sexual Function: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Weiqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2032-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tailang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5725-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"o1664","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o1664","article-title":"Air Pollution Is a Public Health Emergency","volume":"378","author":"Holgate","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1983-8","article-title":"Premature Mortality Related to United States Cross-State Air Pollution","volume":"578","author":"Dedoussi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817364","article-title":"Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities","volume":"381","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. 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