{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:35:22Z","timestamp":1793039722082,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":207,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004515","name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UKM-TR2023-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UKM-TR2023-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Delft University of Technology","award":["UKM-TR2023-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UKM-TR2023-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e2c7k09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aquaculture wastewater treatment not only assists in alleviating the scarcity of clean water for daily usage and environmental pollution, but also generates valuable byproducts. This paper aims to review the generation of wastewater from the aquaculture sector, its characteristics, and available treatment technologies, while comprehensively discussing the adoption of a biocircular economy approach through waste valorization. With rich nutrients, such as nitrogenous compounds, and the presence of phosphorus in the aquaculture effluent, these aspects could be explored and valorized into biofertilizers, broadening their application in aquaponics and hydroponics, as well as in algae and daphnid cultivation. Biofertilizer can also be used in agriculture because it contains essential elements needed by plants. Thus, methods of converting nutrients into biofertilizers in terms of sludge recovery can be accomplished via anaerobic and aerobic digestion, drying, composting, and vermicomposting. Moving forward, aquaculture effluent recovery is addressed under the biocircular economy by re-engaging aquaculture wastewater effluents into the production cycle. The enhancement of aquaculture effluents and biomass for uses such as aquaponics, hydroponics, algae cultivation, daphnid co-cultivation, and biofertilizers presents valuable opportunities for nutrient recovery while ensuring that non-toxic wastewater can be safely discharged into external water bodies. This approach has the potential to revolutionize wastewater treatment in aquaculture, shifting the economic model of wastewater management from a linear system to a circular, more sustainable one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13020131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T10:53:22Z","timestamp":1739271202000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Achieving a Biocircular Economy in the Aquaculture Sector Through Waste Valorization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0791-1638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setyo Budi","family":"Kurniawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Research Center for Environment and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0186-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azmi","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Pagoh 84600, Johor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2649-2421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Fauzul","family":"Imron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"},{"name":"Sanitary Engineering Section, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5282-8702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti Rozaimah Sheikh","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4020-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Razi","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2177-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassimi Abu","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.11.026","article-title":"Aquaculture as a Circular Bio-Economy Model with Galicia as a Study Case: How to Transform Waste into Revalorized by-Products","volume":"119","author":"Ronza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. 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