{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:12:29Z","timestamp":1760058749065,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fujian Province science and technology plan project","award":["2023Y4014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Y4014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study established a dual analytical workflow integrating thermal desorption\u2013electrospray ionization\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (TD-ESI-MS\/MS) for rapid qualitative screening and ultra-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS\/MS) for confirmatory quantification of 17 psychoactive substances and metabolites across six classes (opioids, amphetamine-type stimulants, cocaine, ketamine-type drugs, cannabinoids, and etomidate analogs) in hair matrices. Validation of the TD-ESI-MS\/MS method demonstrated its sensitivity (limits of detection: 0.1\u20130.2 ng\/mg) and precision (&lt;19.3%), with matrix effects controlled to &lt;19.6%. The TD-ESI-MS\/MS method achieved an analysis time of 1 min per sample, enabling high-throughput screening with a sensitivity &gt;85.7% and a specificity &gt;89.7% for the 17 analytes. UPLC-MS\/MS confirmation validated the screening results with accuracy rates of 89.7\u201399.8%. An analysis of specimens confirmed positive identified etomidate analogs as the predominant psychoactive substances (73.6%), with a lower prevalence of amphetamine-type stimulants (12.5%), ketamine-type drugs (9.0%), and opioids (2.8%). The polydrug use patterns identified concurrent etomidate\u2013amphetamine consumption (n = 5) and complex analog combinations (etomidate\u2013isopropoxate\u2013metomidate, n = 13), suggesting evolving abuse trends. Despite limitations in the temporal resolution and representativeness of the cohort, this study demonstrated the viability of TD-ESI-MS\/MS for bridging forensic and public health priorities. Future work should focus on optimizing the durability of the ion source for TD-ESI and validating this method across diverse populations to enhance its generalizability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13050329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T06:38:37Z","timestamp":1745390317000},"page":"329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TD-ESI-MS\/MS for High-Throughput Screening of 13 Common Drugs and 4 Etomidate Analogs in Hair: Method Validation and Forensic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, March 23). 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