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In this study, the BaP removal pathway in contaminated soil was investigated. The structural evolution of the microbial community in contaminated soil was revealed using a comparative experimental study. BaP, as a representative of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was removed from freshly contaminated soil by microbial degradation, plant absorption, and volatilization in proportions of 20.955%, 12.771%, and 0.005%, respectively. The proportions of BaP removed by microbial degradation, plant absorption, and volatilization in aged contaminated soil were 29.471%, 16.453%, and 0.004%. Microbial degradation was the most responsible mechanism for BaP removal. Moreover, a higher number of BaP degrading bacteria occurred in the aged contaminated soil. At the genus level, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas were detected in both types of soils, being the key bacterial species involved in BaP degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13050405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T06:31:29Z","timestamp":1747636289000},"page":"405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biodegradation of Benzo(a)pyrene in Contaminated Soil: Plant and Microorganism Contributions from Isotope Tracing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-Construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-Construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3448-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimeng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132724","article-title":"Comparative genomics reveals evidence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in the moderately halophilic genus Pontibacillus","volume":"462","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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