{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:12:56Z","timestamp":1763536376652,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EPA ID\/IQ","award":["68HE0H18D0008","68HERC21F0259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["68HE0H18D0008","68HERC21F0259"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Some PFASs are immunotoxic in rodent models and associated with diminished vaccine response in exposed humans. This study assessed the immunotoxicity of four PFASs via the T cell-dependent IgM antibody response (TDAR) to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) in adult male rats following 28-day oral repeat dosing. The PFASs included 1H,1H,9H-perfluorononyl acrylate (PFNAC), 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorohexyl iodide (PFHI), 2-chlorotetrafluoropropionic acid (CTFPA), and 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoropentan-2-one (MHFPK), administered in corn oil. The positive control was cyclophosphamide (CPS). Rats were dosed with vehicle or PFAS from Days 0 to 27. On Day 22, an immunogenic dose of SRBCs was administered intravenously. Positive control animals were administered CPS by intraperitoneal injection from Days 22\u201327. On Day 28, the animals were euthanized; blood, thymus, and spleen samples were collected and weighed. Serum IgM was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body weights were unaffected in PFAS-treated rats, except for 3 and 10 mg\/kg\/day PFNAC-treated rats on Days 24, 27, and 28. Relative spleen and thymus weights and serum IgM levels were not affected by the PFASs at the doses tested, whereas CPS-treated animals had significant decreases in these parameters. The rat TDAR, as assessed by the anti-SRBC IgM response, was not affected by these four PFAS test agents following a 28-day oral exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13060490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T12:53:16Z","timestamp":1749559996000},"page":"490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunotoxicity of Four Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Following 28-Day Oral Repeat Dosing in Rats Assessed by the Anti-Sheep Red Blood Cell IgM Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5571-5447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael F.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-4894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"DeVito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3863-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Patlewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell S.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda D.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8730-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Ambroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3427-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4275-8023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bindu G.","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie C. M.","family":"Burleson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burleson Research Technologies, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8781-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaina M.","family":"Kenyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brase, R.A., Mullin, E.J., and Spink, D.C. (2021). Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Analytical techniques, environmental fate, and health effects. Int. J. Mol. 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