{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:37:05Z","timestamp":1793054225672,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Volatile anesthetics, while increasingly utilized in intensive care medicine, are associated with significant renal adverse effects. A critical safety concern\u2014particularly with sevoflurane\u2014involves its potential impact on renal function. Pathophysiologically, inorganic fluoride levels exceeding 50 \u00b5mol\/L are recognized as a threshold for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, a condition generally considered reversible. Additionally, the sevoflurane degradation product \u201ccompound A\u201d has been implicated in direct renal tubular and glomerular toxicity. Specifically, exposure has been correlated with glomerular damage, evidenced by albuminuria, as well as injury to both proximal and distal tubules, indicated by elevated levels of \u03b1-glutathione-S-transferase. Postprandial glycosuria may also be observed. Unlike nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the structural damage induced by compound A may result in irreversible renal impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13060514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T08:43:58Z","timestamp":1750322638000},"page":"514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nephrotoxicity and Modern Volatile Anesthetics: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Benedicte","family":"Hauquiert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelien","family":"Gonze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibault","family":"Gennart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Perriens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, ULB University, 1070 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Blackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Interregional Edith Cavell (Chirec Hospital), 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2228-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"De Lissnyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Moury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauthier","family":"Nendumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6054-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilann","family":"Oueslati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, ULB University, 1070 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Gillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Vornicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU and Anesthesiology Departments, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Dincq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU and Anesthesiology Departments, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7655-0653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Bulpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8682-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Michaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Honore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU, CHU UCL Godinne Namur, UCL Louvain Medical School, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2332.542","article-title":"Clinieal effeets of ether anaesthesia on renal aetivity","volume":"2","author":"Pringle","year":"1905","journal-title":"Br. 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