{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:09:35Z","timestamp":1769162975133,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Association for Research on Cancer","award":["86\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Italian Association for Research on Cancer","award":["14\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/2022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"Research Scholarship \u201cLa metrica della salute disuguale per le Case della Comunit\u00e0\u201d from the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["86\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"Research Scholarship \u201cLa metrica della salute disuguale per le Case della Comunit\u00e0\u201d from the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Europe, evidence on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and air pollution exposure is mixed. We assessed the association between individual SEP (education and occupation) and air pollution in the Turin and Varese European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohorts. This cross-sectional study included participants enrolled between 1992\u20131998, categorised by three educational (high, medium, and low) and three occupational (high-, medium-, and low-skilled) levels. Air pollution exposure (2008\u20132011) at residential addresses was estimated using Land Use Regression models. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) data were available for both cohorts; particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) only for Turin. Linear regression models (adjusted for sex, age, and marital status) estimated associations between SEP and annual mean pollutant concentrations (\u00b5g\/m3), stratified by cohort. In Varese, lower education was associated with lower NOx exposure. In Turin, medium and low education were also linked to lower NOx exposure, though without a clear gradient. In both cohorts, individuals in medium- and low-skilled occupations had lower nitrogen exposure than those in high-skilled jobs. Associations between SEP and PM exposure in Turin were weak to null. In conclusion, lower SEP was associated with slightly lower nitrogen exposure; no clear link was found with PM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13090724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T08:01:01Z","timestamp":1756454461000},"page":"724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Social Inequalities in Exposure to Air Pollution in the EPIC Cohorts of Turin and Varese"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2941-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Costantino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications \u2018G. Parenti\u2019, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Sacerdote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5201-172X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina","family":"Sieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian, 1, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5438-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Pala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian, 1, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Ricceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Di Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2025, June 10). 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