{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T05:56:01Z","timestamp":1771653361931,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite the identification of various environmental factors that increase the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), the effects of many factors on the etiology of MS remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of radon, a factor previously studied in relation to various other neurodegenerative diseases, on the epidemiology of MS. Methods: A door-to-door field study was conducted in residential areas with relatively high and low radon gas concentrations to determine the prevalence of MS. The study area comprises the Bolvadin and \u0130hsaniye regions, which have different geological characteristics, such as seismic activity, active faults, and distributions of volcanic rocks. CR-39 detectors, with an accepted limit of 300 Bq\/m3, were utilized to measure radon gas concentrations. During the screening field, the patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis were confirmed with their hospital records. Mc Donald\u2019s revised diagnostic criteria were used for multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Results: The regions were grouped into higher radon areas and lower radon areas. The \u0130hsaniye city center, Kay\u0131han, Kemerkaya, D\u00f6\u011fer, and Bolvadin city center were classified as higher radon regions, whereas Di\u015fli, Yaylaba\u011f\u0131, Gazl\u0131g\u00f6l, and \u00d6zburun were identified as lower radon regions. A total of 40,841 individuals were surveyed in the field. The crude MS prevalence was 41.8\/100,000 in settlements with high radon gas concentrations and 20.5\/100,000 in settlements with low radon gas concentrations. Conclusions: In this study, we revealed that the prevalence of MS was greater in settlements with high radon gas concentrations than in settlements with low radon gas concentrations. These results demonstrated that radon gas is an important environmental risk factor in the etiopathogenesis of MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13090797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:11:01Z","timestamp":1758269461000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Radon Concentration on MS Prevalence: A Door-to-Door Survey in the Fault Zone in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0094-5624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dclk\u00fc","family":"T\u00fcrk B\u00f6r\u00fc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar 03000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9077-0628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar 03200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1056-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Metin","family":"Ba\u011fc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar 03200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2021-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayla","family":"Sand\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Literature, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar 03200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1950-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif Simin","family":"Iss\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar 03000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4562-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furkan","family":"\u0130ncebacak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar 03000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3429-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar 03000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0125-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cem","family":"B\u00f6l\u00fck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Palmiye Hospital, Hatay 31200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sriwastava, S.K., and Triantafylou-Bernitsas, E. 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