{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:42:50Z","timestamp":1792100570388,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Standard Substances and Standardization Management Center of National Institutes for Food and Drug Control","award":["1080050090101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1080050090101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microplastic and nanoplastic (MNP) particles have been observed in various human organs. However, polypropylene (PP), one of the top three most commonly detected types of MNPs in terms of quantity, is also present in injections given for the infusion treatment of diseases, and there is a considerable knowledge gap concerning its adverse effects on the human cardiovascular system. In this study, we used commercial PP particles (500 nm), similar in size to nanoplastics (NPs) present in injections and greater than or equal in concentration to NPs in the blood of healthy individuals, as the experimental dose to study their toxicological effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results revealed that PP particles at 35 \u03bcg\/mL, equivalent to 20 times the concentration of blood, reduced cell viability, induced oxidative stress, caused cytomembrane damage, increased the inflammatory response, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited cell migration and wound tissue healing. In addition, a NP concentration of up to 210 \u03bcg\/mL decreased the level of zonula occludens-1. In conclusion, since we used spherical particles, a type of nanoplastic present in plastic-bottle injections in clinical treatment that induces toxicological effects, this study provides cellular-level insights into the ecological risks of NP exposure in the human body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13090802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T12:08:03Z","timestamp":1758542883000},"page":"802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Toxicological Impacts of Polypropylene Nanoparticles Similar in Size to Nanoplastics in Plastic-Bottle Injections on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3592-1929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Standard Substances and Standardization Management Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-Lan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standard Substances and Standardization Management Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Gang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standard Substances and Standardization Management Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standard Substances and Standardization Management Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7675-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xian-Fu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standard Substances and Standardization Management Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0966-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Min","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standard Substances and Standardization Management Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100260, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14359","article-title":"Microplastics in water systems: A review of their impacts on the environment and their potential hazards","volume":"9","author":"Kye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129515","article-title":"Recent advances on the transport of microplastics\/nanoplastics in abiotic and biotic compartments","volume":"438","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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