{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T10:14:34Z","timestamp":1766139274527,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Province Science and Technology Foundation of China","award":["202501AT070037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501AT070037"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration","award":["No. 2, Yundike [2023]","No. 8, Yundi [2025]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2, Yundike [2023]","No. 8, Yundi [2025]"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Province Science and Technology Foundation of China","award":["Qiankehejichu MS [2025] 269, [2022] 325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehejichu MS [2025] 269, [2022] 325"]}]},{"name":"Key Funding Project from Anshun Technical College","award":["X202302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["X202302"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Research Project of the Education Department of Guizhou Province","award":["Qian jiao ji [2024] 309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian jiao ji [2024] 309"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021M690935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M690935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2018GXNSFBA138051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GXNSFBA138051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the distribution, bioaccumulation, and health risks associated with heavy metals in the soil\u2013coffee system of Pu\u2019er City, a major coffee-producing region in China. An analysis of the soil and corresponding plant samples (including fruit, stem, and leaf) from representative plantations revealed that, although the heavy metal concentrations in soils generally exceeded the local background levels, they remained below national risk screening thresholds. Hg was identified as the primary pollutant of concern, showing moderate to significant enrichment (EF: 2\u201320) and posing a moderate to considerable ecological risk (Ei: 40\u2013160). In coffee plants, most heavy metals accumulated predominantly in the stems, whereas Pb and As were more concentrated in the leaves and fruits, respectively. Among the studied metals, only Cu exhibited a notable bioconversion tendency, with a biota soil accumulation factor (BSAF) close to 1, while other metals showed limited transfer (BSAF &lt; 1). A generally negative correlation was observed between the soil metal content and BSAF, suggesting that elevated total concentrations do not necessarily enhance bioavailability. The health risk assessment indicated that coffee consumption poses no significant non-carcinogenic risk (HI &lt; 1). However, the carcinogenic risks for Cr and As, albeit within acceptable limits (LCR between 10\u22126 and 10\u22124), still warrant attention. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted source control for Hg and Cr in soils and further investigating the transfer mechanisms of As to support the sustainable and safe production of coffee in this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13110944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T19:30:27Z","timestamp":1762198227000},"page":"944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Heavy Metals in the Soil\u2013Coffee System of Pu\u2019er, China, a Major Coffee Producing Region in China: Distribution and Health Risks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Center Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization Ministry of Natural Resources, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Kunming 650051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yupei","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Modern Engineering, Anshun Technical College, Anshun 561000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Center Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization Ministry of Natural Resources, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Kunming 650051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bai","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Center Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization Ministry of Natural Resources, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Kunming 650051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Center Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization Ministry of Natural Resources, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Kunming 650051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiongyi","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120163","article-title":"A comprehensive approach for quantifying source-specific ecological and health risks of potentially toxic elements in agricultural soil","volume":"263","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. 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