{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T02:09:39Z","timestamp":1784340579967,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22072105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22072105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Removing toxic formaldehyde (HCHO) from environmental water is crucial for human health and the ecosystem. Perovskite-type Lanthanum cobalt oxide (LaCoO3) has achieved great success in a wide range of catalytic processes; however, this concept has been rarely applied to the degradation of HCHO. Here, we prepared perovskite-type catalysts with different La\/Co molar ratios, and the time for HCHO oxidation degradation at room temperature was shortened by 12 times (10 min vs. 119 min) compared to other heterogeneous catalysts. LaCoO3 exhibits superior catalytic activity for HCHO degradation at room temperature when the La\/Co molar ratio is 1:1 compared to lanthanum cobalt oxides with other molar ratios. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) test results show that increasing the La\/Co molar ratio reduces the Co2+ content in the catalyst, while Co2+ plays the most important role in the catalyst. Quencher experiments indicated that sulfate radicals (SO4\u00b7\u2212) and hydroxyl radicals (\u00b7OH) were the primary reactive species for the removal of HCHO. This finding suggests that the catalytic oxidation reaction involving HCHO operates as a heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation reaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13110955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T17:06:06Z","timestamp":1762362366000},"page":"955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preparation of Perovskite-Type LaCoO3 and Its Catalytic Degradation of Formaldehyde in Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qingguo","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shancheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqian","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binglong","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yike","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132426","article-title":"A new amine moiety-based near-infrared fluorescence probe for detection of formaldehyde in real food samples and mice","volume":"384","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117406","article-title":"A novel cellulose-based fluorescent probe for the quantitative detection of HCHO in real food samples and living cells","volume":"204","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.159","article-title":"Formaldehyde interacts with RNA rather than DNA: Accumulation of formaldehyde by the RNA-inorganic hybrid material","volume":"122","author":"Yamada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9388-8","article-title":"Accumulated hippocampal formaldehyde induces age-dependent memory decline","volume":"35","author":"Tong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2019.05.034","article-title":"Combination of alkalinity and porosity enhances formaldehyde adsorption on pig manure -derived composite adsorbents","volume":"286","author":"Suresh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Micropor. Mesopor. Mat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.105987","article-title":"The effect of oxygen-containing functional groups on formaldehyde adsorption in solution on carbon surface: A density functional theory study","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129726","article-title":"Degradation of formaldehyde and methylene blue using wood-templated biomimetic TiO2","volume":"329","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.104984","article-title":"Treatment of formaldehyde-containing wastewater and power generation by constructed wetland\u2013microbial fuel cells enhanced by formaldehyde-degrading bacteria","volume":"59","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.139587","article-title":"Electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde","volume":"338","author":"Nisa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2019.03.028","article-title":"A Review on Approaches for Addressing the Limitations of Fenton Oxidation for Recalcitrant Wastewater Treatment","volume":"126","author":"Bello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3103\/S1063455X22040099","article-title":"Removal of Formaldehyde from Aqueous Solution by Hydrogen Peroxide","volume":"44","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Water Chem. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-022-05618-5","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin Removal from Simulated Wastewater Through a Combined Process of Adsorption and Oxidation Processes Using Fe\/C Adsorbent","volume":"233","author":"Mutia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-021-02287-y","article-title":"Experimental study of formaldehyde and BTEX adsorption onto activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass","volume":"13","author":"Isinkaralar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Bior."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enganabound.2023.03.017","article-title":"Removal of formaldehyde pollutant from petroleum industry wastewaters by polymers: A molecular dynamics simulation","volume":"151","author":"Henda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112085","article-title":"Treatment of highly concentrated formaldehyde effluent using adsorption and ultrasonic dissociation on mesoporous copper iodide (CuI) nano-powder","volume":"285","author":"Vakylabad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/122440","article-title":"Assessment and Optimization of Formaldehyde Removal Using Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands","volume":"30","author":"Si","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2022.103802","article-title":"Novel porous perovskite composite CeO2@LaMnO3\/3 DOM SiO2 as an effective catalyst for activation of PMS toward oxidation of urotropine","volume":"33","author":"Chao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063783425600670","article-title":"Photo-Degradation of Dexamethasone through Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes Using UV\/H2O2 and Fe2+\/UV\/H2O2 Systems","volume":"67","author":"Tutovan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. Solid State"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-020-01449-y","article-title":"Photo-Fenton process under sunlight irradiation for textile wastewater degradation: Monitoring of residual hydrogen peroxide by spectrophotometric method and modeling artificial neural network models to predict treatment","volume":"75","author":"Santana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Pap."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-024-13827-3","article-title":"Construction of WO3\u2013visible light\u2013H2O2 advanced oxidation system for degradation of organic pollutant","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124436","article-title":"Uncertainty and misinterpretation over identification, quantification and transformation of reactive species generated in catalytic oxidation processes: A review","volume":"408","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15944","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA00353A","article-title":"Catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in water by calcium phosphate-based Pt composites","volume":"5","author":"Fama","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00285-8","article-title":"Fenton oxidation of hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrani-tro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX)","volume":"36","author":"Zoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s13738-025-03201-3","article-title":"Performance optimization and mechanism of HMX degradation by Fenton oxidation method","volume":"22","author":"Chai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Iran Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-024-09718-x","article-title":"Fe\u2013N co-doped carbon derived from one-step pyrolysis modified chitosan for activating H2O2 to degrade organic wastewater","volume":"59","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2023.29734","article-title":"Removal of formaldehyde in water with low concentration of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by lanthanum-silicon oxide composite","volume":"300","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imohiosen, F.A., Ofudje, E.A., and Al-Ahmary, K.M. (2024). Pharmaceutical effluent degradation using hydrogen peroxide-supported zerovalent iron nanoparticles catalyst. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74627-7"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28189-2","article-title":"Degradation mechanism of Bisphenol S via hydrogen peroxide\/persulfate activated by sulfidated nanoscale zero valent iron","volume":"30","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s43153-024-00479-3","article-title":"Mono-ethanolamine breakdown by UV\/hydrogen peroxide via MEA photolysis: Kinetics, energy rate\/order and degradation efficiency for mono-ethanolamine wastewater treatment","volume":"42","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Braz. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-025-05530-7","article-title":"Preparation of ferric hydroxide chelated glass fiber modified with dopamine chemistry for effective degradation of organic dyes by heterogeneous Fenton method","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res. Chem. Intermediat."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25812-0","article-title":"Degradation of formaldehyde by photo-Fenton process over n-ZVI\/TiO2 catalyst","volume":"30","author":"Athikaphan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-024-14132-9","article-title":"Synthesis of novel ZnO\/NiFe2O4 heterostructures photocatalysts for photocatalytic and photo-Fenton removal of dyes","volume":"36","author":"Bi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.11.056","article-title":"Surface-active bismuth ferrite as superior peroxymonosulfate activator for aqueous sulfamethoxazole removal: Performance, mechanism and quantification of sulfate radical","volume":"325","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130998","article-title":"Anionic ligands driven efficient ofloxacin degradation over LaMnO3 suspended particles in water due to the enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation","volume":"427","author":"Nie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2022.05.011","article-title":"Sustainable removal of 17\u03b1-ethynylestradiol from aqueous environment using rare earth doped lanthanum manganite nanomaterials","volume":"424","author":"Vlazan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.07.027","article-title":"LaCoO3 perovskite oxide activation of peroxymonosulfate for aqueous 2-phenyl-5-sulfobenzimidazole degradation: Effect of synthetic method and the reaction mechanism","volume":"304","author":"Pang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5777","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-021-05655-y","article-title":"Designing a feasible phenol destruction process using LaM1\u2212xCuxO3 (M = Co, Cr, Fe) perovskites as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts","volume":"47","author":"Jain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Q.G., Huo, P.C., Wang, K.S., Yuan, Y., Bai, S.J., Zhao, C.T., and Li, W.Z. (2024). Preparation of Perovskite-Type LaMnO3 and Its Catalytic Degradation of Formaldehyde in Wastewater. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4855969"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2022.108529","article-title":"Catalytic wet air oxidation of D-glucose by perovskite type oxides (Fe, Co, Mn) for the synthesis of value-added chemicals","volume":"514","author":"Scelfo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.125316","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of La2O3-decorated Mg-Al oxides nanosheets for solar-light driven photocatalytic activity","volume":"604","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16280","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-022-07683-x","article-title":"Three-dimensional ordered macroporous eria-lanthanum cobaltate composite as efficient catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate for N,N-dimethylformamide degradation","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1557\/s43579-022-00234-0","article-title":"Enhanced electrocatalytic performance of LaCo1\u2212xMnxO3 perovskite catalyst for glycerol oxidation","volume":"12","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"MRS Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.145158","article-title":"Tuning composition on B sites of LaM0.5Mn0.5O3 (M = Cu Co, Fe, Ni, Cr) perovskite catalysts in NOx efficient reduction","volume":"508","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-024-09437-3","article-title":"High-efficient catalytic ozonation for degradation of nitrobenzene in water with Ce-doped LaCoO3 catalyst","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.10.032","article-title":"Kinetics of oxidative decolorization and mineralization of Acid Orange 7 by dark and photoassisted Co 2+ -catalyzed peroxymonosulfate system","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.10.043","article-title":"Activation of peroxymonosulfate with magnetic Fe3O4 -MnO2 core-shell nanocomposites for 4-chlorophenol degradation","volume":"262","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6570","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900136g","article-title":"Electro-Fenton process and related electrochemical technologies based on Fenton\u2019s reaction chemistry","volume":"109","author":"Brillas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-017-3648-2","article-title":"Degradation of Acid Azo Dyes Using Oxone Activated by Cobalt Titanate Perovskite","volume":"229","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2021.106314","article-title":"Acid treated Sr-substituted LaCoO3 perovskite for toluene oxidation","volume":"155","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catal. Commun."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.04.143","article-title":"Heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of formaldehyde using MIL-100(Fe) under visible light irradiation","volume":"251","author":"Mohammadifard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.06.090","article-title":"The removal of formaldehyde from concentrated synthetic wastewater using O3\/MgO\/H2O2 process integrated with the biological treatment","volume":"171","author":"Moussavia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2012.04.024","article-title":"Degradation of formaldehyde by advanced oxidation processes","volume":"107","author":"Farah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2021.106319","article-title":"Design and controllable preparation of Bi2MoO6\/attapulgite photocatalyst for the removal of tetracycline and formaldehyde","volume":"215","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2018.11.017","article-title":"Advanced oxidation of formaldehyde in aqueous solution using thechemical-less UVC\/VUV process: Kinetics and mechanism evaluation","volume":"27","author":"Haddad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.09.084","article-title":"Formaldehyde removal from wastewater and air by using UV, ferrate(VI) and UV\/ferrate(VI)","volume":"184","author":"Talaiekhozani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.04.022","article-title":"Fast and efficient oxidation of formaldehyde in wastewater via the Solar Thermal Electrochemical Process tuned by thermo electrochemistry","volume":"156","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."}],"container-title":["Toxics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/13\/11\/955\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T05:27:17Z","timestamp":1762493237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/13\/11\/955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["toxics13110955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics13110955","relation":{},"ISSN":["2305-6304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2305-6304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]}}}