{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:26:48Z","timestamp":1789432008319,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CTM2016-78222-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTM2016-78222-C2-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"project METASOIL","award":["PID2023-149788OB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-149788OB-C21"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI","award":["10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Ciencia e Universidades","award":["TEC-2024\/ECO-69"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC-2024\/ECO-69"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assessed exposure to silver (Ag) in children and adolescents living in Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, an urban-industrial city in the Madrid Region (Spain), in light of the growing use of Ag in consumer and medical products. Scalp hair was collected from 120 children (6\u20139 years; 70 females) and 97 adolescents (13\u201316 years; 68 females) permanently residing in the city, and Ag concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry under strict quality control. In parallel, 97 topsoil samples from urban parks were analysed to evaluate potential environmental sources, and risks of non-carcinogenic exposure via ingestion and dermal routes were characterised. Median Ag levels (\u00b5g\/g) were 0.1205 in girls and 0.0892 in boys among children, and 0.1057 and 0.0387 among adolescent females and males, respectively. No significant differences were observed between age groups (p = 0.153), but females showed consistently higher levels than males. Proposed reference intervals (CI-PP95) were 0.2866\u20130.5383 \u00b5g\/g for children and 0.5248\u20133.0795 \u00b5g\/g for adolescents. Hazard quotients for soil exposure were below unity, indicating minimal health risk. Overall, Ag exposure in Alcal\u00e1\u2019s youth was low and consistent with background levels in non-occupationally exposed populations. The higher values found in some female adolescents likely reflect lifestyle-related sources. These results provide the first local reference values for Ag in hair of Spanish children and adolescents, offering a baseline for future biomonitoring and temporal trend analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13121026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T16:31:52Z","timestamp":1764261112000},"page":"1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biomonitoring of Silver in Children and Adolescents from Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (Spain): Assessing Potential Health Risks from Topsoil Contamination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5690-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5530-1714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Higueras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Computation Research Institute (SCRIUR), Universidad de La Rioja, La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Valiente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcal\u00e1, Calle Colegios 2, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Carmen","family":"Lobo-Bedmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Madrid Institute for Rural, Agricultural and Food Research and Development (IMIDRA), Department of Agri-Environmental Research, Finca el Enc\u00edn, Crta. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 38.2, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28800 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.05.005","article-title":"Biomonitoring Equivalents for interpretation of silver biomonitoring data in a risk assessment context","volume":"219","author":"Aylward","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. 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