{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:03:23Z","timestamp":1765292603749,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US EPA Intramural Research Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxylipins are specialized lipid mediators that can have dual functions, either promoting inflammation or supporting resolution. Exposure to air pollution is associated with systemic inflammation that may be modified by oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). In this study, we examined whether short-term air pollution exposure is associated with changes in circulating oxylipins in healthy adults, who were on high- or low-dietary omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) intakes. We measured 56 oxylipin species from participants\u2019 plasma samples and employed mixed-effects models to assess the associations, stratified by n-3 FA groups. Plasma concentrations of oxylipins derived from n-3 FA [e.g., 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) &amp; 11-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (11-HDoHE), and 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE)] were significantly higher in the high n-3 FA group compared to the low group. Conversely, selected oxylipins derived from n-6 FA [e.g., 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 14,15-Dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-DiHETrE)] were significantly lower in the high n-3 group. Exposure to PM2.5, O3, and NO2 was associated with reductions in pro-inflammatory oxylipins produced by lipoxygenase in the high n-3 FA group, but not in the low group; for example, 12-HETE. Furthermore, participants in the high n-3 group exposed to PM2.5, O3, and NO2 had elevated levels of n-3 FA-derived pro-resolving oxylipins compared to those in the low n-3 group; for instance, 12-HEPE and 14-HDHA &amp; 11-HDoHE. In conclusion, short-term air pollution exposure was associated with lower pro-inflammatory and higher pro-resolving oxylipin levels in the high n-3 FA group. These findings suggest n-3-derived lipid metabolites may promote inflammation resolution induced by air pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13121063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T13:51:46Z","timestamp":1765288306000},"page":"1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Oxylipin Production in Response to Short-Term Ambient Air Pollution Exposure in Healthy Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3666-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiannen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1084-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Diaz-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Samet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1813OC","article-title":"Lung function and inflammatory responses in healthy young adults exposed to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours","volume":"183","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. 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