{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:54:17Z","timestamp":1787507657986,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42177367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42177367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024YFD1701201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1701201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFD1901305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1901305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Organic micropollutants in agricultural soils pose significant ecological and health risks. This study conducted the first large-scale, integrated non-targeted screening and targeted analysis across China\u2019s major food-producing regions. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 498 micropollutants were identified, including pesticides, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, food additives, natural products, and emerging contaminants. Spatial analysis revealed strong correlations in pesticide detections between Henan and Hebei, as well as between Hebei and Shandong, indicating pronounced regional similarities in pesticide occurrence patterns. Concentrations of 50 quantified micropollutants showed clear spatial variability, which was associated with precipitation, water use, and agricultural output, reflecting climate\u2013agriculture\u2013socioeconomic synergies. Greenhouse soils accumulated higher micropollutant levels than open fields, driven by intensive agrochemical inputs, plastic-film confinement, and reduced phototransformation. Co-occurrence patterns indicated similar pathways for personal care products, industrial chemicals, and pesticides, whereas natural products and pharmaceuticals showed lower levels of co-occurrence due to crop-specific exudates, fertilization, and rainfall-driven leaching. Among cropping systems, orchard soils had the highest micropollutant accumulation, followed by paddy and vegetable soils, consistent with frequent pesticide use and minimal tillage. Risk quotients indicated moderate-to-high ecological risks at over half of the sites. These results reveal complex soil pollution patterns and highlight the need for dynamic inventories and spatially differentiated, crop- and system-specific mitigation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14010025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:50:21Z","timestamp":1766710221000},"page":"25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Non-Targeted and Targeted Analysis of Organic Micropollutants in Agricultural Soils Across China: Occurrence and Risk Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Caifei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4055-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weisong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingjian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Resources Utilization, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Research Center for Agricultural Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Engineering Technology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"},{"name":"Joint Institute for Environment & Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10775-z","article-title":"Global Impacts of Future Cropland Expansion and Intensification on Agricultural Markets and Biodiversity","volume":"10","author":"Zabel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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