{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:08:04Z","timestamp":1785434884717,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42575199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42575199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52100117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52100117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["42575199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42575199"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52100117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52100117"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Education Research Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Fujian Province","award":["JAT231013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAT231013"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project","award":["2025B01J0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025B01J0002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions exhibit strong process-level heterogeneity, yet regional source characterization still commonly relies on sector-average profiles, introducing substantial uncertainty into source identification and control prioritization. In this study, process-resolved VOC source profiles were established for five representative industrial sectors in Deyang, a typical industrial city in the Chengdu\u2013Chongqing region, including pharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial coating, chemical industry, food manufacturing, and the textile industry. A total of 19 organized emission samples were collected from 9 enterprises, and 123 VOC species were quantified. These measured profiles were further integrated with literature-derived profiles and a bottom-up emission inventory to construct an emission-weighted regional composite source profile for 17 major industrial sectors. An emission-based hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity-weighted framework was then introduced to compare mass-dominant and chemically dominant VOC sources. The results showed pronounced process- and sector-specific differences in composition. Pharmaceutical manufacturing was mainly dominated by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), industrial coating by low-carbon halocarbons, the chemical industry by methanol and reactive low-carbon compounds, food manufacturing by alkenes and OVOCs, and the textile industry by light alkanes. At the regional scale, industrial VOC emissions were dominated by OVOCs (35.67%), followed by alkanes (19.01%) and aromatics (15.99%). Ethyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and m\/p-xylene were identified as the most abundant species. However, OH reactivity was largely dominated by alkenes, and substantial discrepancies were observed between emission contribution and OH-reactivity-weighted contribution across sectors. In particular, the chemical industry contributed 21.10 \u00b1 8.43% of reactive organic gas emissions but 28.82 \u00b1 11.61% of OH-weighted emissions, whereas printing contributed 13.55 \u00b1 13.42% of mass emissions but only 7.66 \u00b1 13.08% of OH-weighted emissions. These findings demonstrate that regional VOC management should move beyond bulk mass reduction and prioritize high-reactivity sectors and process units to maximize O3 mitigation benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14050423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:04:36Z","timestamp":1778601876000},"page":"423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Process-Resolved VOC Source Profiles from Typical Industries in Deyang and Their Implications for Regional Composite Profiles in the Chengdu\u2013Chongqing Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6701-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuehua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Suncere Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8327-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanyang","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14424","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04064","article-title":"VOC from vehicular evaporation emissions: Status and control strategy","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. 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