{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:54:36Z","timestamp":1785434076421,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES034018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES034018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01ES034018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES034018"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j4k1h63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) is a common complication of preterm birth with a complex pathology. Recent epidemiologic studies have identified a link between neonatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), frequently used in medical equipment, and the development of CLD. We hypothesize that DEHP exposure in the early neonatal period contributes to lung injury in newborn rats. Newborn rat pups were raised in one of the following environments: room air (RA), RA + DEHP, hyperoxia (60% oxygen), and hyperoxia + DEHP. Ambient DEHP was inhaled at a dose of 25 mg\/m3 for 6 h daily for 14 days. Lung tissue and blood samples were collected on the 14th day of life. Independent exposure to DEHP and hyperoxia resulted in thicker pulmonary septal walls, fewer alveoli, increased pulmonary polymorphonuclear leukocytes and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and decreased expression of CD31 on endothelial cells in lung tissue. Additionally, DEHP-exposed rats showed higher serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein levels compared to controls. Our experiments demonstrate that inhaled DEHP, with or without hyperoxia, resulted in a similar pattern of morphological lung injury and inflammation characteristic of CLD, suggesting an association with CLD of prematurity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14060517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:57:58Z","timestamp":1781513878000},"page":"517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neonatal Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Is Associated with Lung Injury in a Rat Model of Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5750-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahana","family":"Perveen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Cohen Children\u2019s Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1596-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohini","family":"Alim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5306-1029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail","family":"Akselrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunfang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namita","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford S.","family":"Deutschman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5667-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annemarie","family":"Stroustrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Cohen Children\u2019s Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1571202","article-title":"Short- and Long-Term Outcomes for Extremely Preterm Infants","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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