{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T14:44:23Z","timestamp":1791729863127,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bursa Uludag University Scientific Research Projects Unit","award":["FAY-2022-606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAY-2022-606"]}]},{"award":["FAY-2022-606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAY-2022-606"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tg3eb07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The textile industry causes significant environmental problems because of its intensive use of water, energy, and chemicals. The stenter machines, which are commonly used in textile finishing processes, release air pollutants such as odor, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and total organic carbon (TOC) into the atmosphere during drying and fixing processes carried out at high temperatures. The aim of this study was to investigate odor, VOC, and TOC emissions from the stacks of the stenter machines. In this study, odor, VOC, and TOC parameters were examined in samples from the stacks of stenter machines of nine different plants operating in the textile sector in Bursa, Turkey. The samples were analysed in accordance with EN 13725:2022 standard, EN 13649:2014 standard, and EN 12619:2013 standard for odor, VOC, and TOC parameters, respectively. Acetone, carbon tetrachloride, dibromochloromethane, ethylbenzene, tetrachlorethylene, toluene, and p + m-Xylene were the most common components. The TOC concentrations were determined in the range of 13.89\u2013279.23 mg\/Nm3. The odor concentrations were determined in the range of 4113\u201326,627 OU\/m3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14070560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:55:11Z","timestamp":1782780911000},"page":"560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of Odor, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Parameters Originating from Textile Industry Stenter Stack"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ezgi","family":"Karabacak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcray","family":"\u00c7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Esen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nezih","family":"Saliho\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taner","family":"Yonar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2986-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feza","family":"\u00d6r\u00fc\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7912-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simge","family":"\u00c7a\u011flar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6993-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berna","family":"Mert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, 54050 Sakarya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s42824-022-00059-1","article-title":"Energy Consumption, Environmental Impact, and Implementation of Renewable Energy Resources in Global Textile Industries: An Overview towards Circularity and Sustainability","volume":"4","author":"Farhana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. 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