{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:03:35Z","timestamp":1784178215086,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing use of e-cigarettes as vehicles for illicit drug delivery has created an urgent challenge for forensic surveillance and public health in East Asia. This study analyzed 496 e-liquid samples seized by law-enforcement agencies in Eastern Taiwan (January\u2013July 2025) using a full-scan GC\u2013MS workflow validated in accordance with ANSI\/ASB forensic toxicology standards. Overall, 80.8% of samples (n = 401) tested positive for psychoactive substances, with 35.4% (n = 142) containing polydrug mixtures. Etomidate dominated detections (87.0% of positive cases), followed by isopropoxate (25.4%), ketamine (9.7%), metomidate (8.5%), propoxate (7.2%), and methamphetamine (7.2%); cannabinoids (\u03949-THC and \u03948-THC) were comparatively rare (2.0% each). Predominant polydrug profiles included sedative\u2013analog, sedative\u2013dissociative, and sedative\u2013stimulant combinations of acute toxicological concern. The present Eastern Taiwan dataset revealed a distinct etomidate-analog-centered adulterant profile, in marked contrast to the cannabinoid-dominated patterns reported in published seizure datasets from North America, Europe, and the Middle East. To our knowledge, seized-e-liquid surveillance data of this scale have not previously been reported for Eastern Taiwan. These findings highlight the value of seized-material toxicology as an early-warning component of forensic surveillance and support adaptive, class-level regulatory responses to the rapidly evolving landscape of designer-anesthetic vaping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14070604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:13:36Z","timestamp":1783696416000},"page":"604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large-Scale Forensic Surveillance of Seized E-Liquids Reveals an Emerging Etomidate-Analog-Centered Vaping Trend in Eastern Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Huei-Ru","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Drugs of Abuse Analysis, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6903e2","article-title":"Update: Characteristics of a Nationwide Outbreak of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury\u2014United States, August 2019\u2013January 2020","volume":"69","author":"Krishnasamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morb. 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Anal."}],"container-title":["Toxics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/14\/7\/604\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:17:40Z","timestamp":1784175460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/14\/7\/604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["toxics14070604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics14070604","relation":{},"ISSN":["2305-6304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2305-6304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]}}}