{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:31:43Z","timestamp":1786365103445,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guiding Program of Quzhou Technological Plan","award":["2024ZD012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Substituted p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) have become ubiquitous contaminants in various environmental matrices. However, the understanding of the potential health risks posed by human exposure to these emerging compounds remains limited. In this case\u2013control study, we investigated the association between urinary concentrations of six PPD-Q congeners and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Detection frequencies of all target PPD-Qs in human urine ranged from 73.7% to 88.2% in the control group and from 70.2% to 89.6% in the case group. 6PPD-Q (2-((4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione; mean 1.37 \u03bcg\/g creatinine), 77PD-Q (2,5-bis((5-methylhexan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione; 0.68 \u03bcg\/g creatinine), and IPPD-Q (2-(isopropylamino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione; 0.70 \u03bcg\/g creatinine) were the predominant PPD-Qs in urine from healthy controls. In CRC cases, 6PPD-Q had the highest mean urinary level (mean 1.75 \u03bcg\/g creatinine), followed by DPPD-Q (2,5-bis(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione; 0.83 \u03bcg\/g creatinine) and IPPD-Q (0.73 \u03bcg\/g creatinine). After multivariable adjustment, higher urinary levels of 6PPD-Q (OR for Q4 vs. Q1 = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.26\u20132.32), CPPD-Q (2-(cyclohexylamino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione; OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.26\u20131.94), and DPPD-Q (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.25\u20131.68) were significantly associated with increased CRC odds, with nonlinear exposure\u2013response patterns observed. Mixture analysis suggested a positive joint association between urinary PPD-Q concentrations and the odds of CRC, with 6PPD-Q and DPPD-Q contributing most strongly to the estimated statistical association. These findings highlight the need for further prospective studies and potential regulatory considerations to mitigate public health impacts from these contaminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14080705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:38:09Z","timestamp":1786361889000},"page":"705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations Between Human Exposure to Substituted p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones and Colorectal Cancer Risk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhenling","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou People\u2019s Hospital: The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zefu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou People\u2019s Hospital: The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7447-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hangbiao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Synthesis and Conversion, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion and Utilization, Science and Education Integration College of Energy and Carbon Neutralization, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou People\u2019s Hospital: The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s40974-024-00351-7","article-title":"Global drive toward net-zero emissions and sustainability via electric vehicles: An integrative critical review","volume":"10","author":"Timilsina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.143940","article-title":"Scenario analysis of waste tires from China\u2019s vehicles future","volume":"478","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.109042","article-title":"p-Phenylenediamines and p-phenylenediamine quinone derivatives in rubber consumer products and typical urban dust: Sources, transformation profiles, and health risks","volume":"192","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c07014","article-title":"Screening p-Phenylenediamine antioxidants, their transformation products, and industrial chemical additives in crumb rubber and elastomeric consumer products","volume":"57","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110711","article-title":"Ozone resistance of three natural antioxidants in solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber-Molecular simulation and experimental study","volume":"222","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2004.12.019","article-title":"A study of the energetics of antioxidant action of p-phenylenediamines","volume":"88","author":"Klein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"42","article-title":"On the antioxidant effectiveness of n, n\u2013substituted p-phenylenediamines","volume":"46","author":"Klein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pet. Coal"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EM00326H","article-title":"Emerging investigator series: In-depth chemical profiling of tire and artificial turf crumb rubber: Aging, transformation products, and transport pathways","volume":"26","author":"McMinn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenvironau.3c00023","article-title":"Investigation of 6PPD-quinone in rubberized asphalt concrete mixtures","volume":"3","author":"Lokesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Environ. Au"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c09519","article-title":"A nationwide investigation of substituted p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) and PPD-quinones in the riverine waters of China","volume":"59","author":"Geng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6914","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04500","article-title":"p-Phenylenediamine antioxidants in PM(2.5): The underestimated urban air pollutants","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ihenetu, S.C., Xu, Q., Fang, L., Azeem, M., Li, G., and Enyoh, C.E. (2025). 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone in the urban environment: Assessing exposure pathways and human health risks. Urban Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/urbansci9060228"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174449","article-title":"P-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives: A review of their environmental occurrence, accessibility, potential toxicity, and human exposure","volume":"948","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"5455","article-title":"Research progress on transformation, toxicity effects and risk control of emerging pollutants 6PPD\/6PPD-Q","volume":"20","author":"Yihao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian J. Ecotoxicol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18098","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c04693","article-title":"Characterizing the metabolism of tire rubber-derived p-phenylenediamine quinones to identify potential exposure biomarkers in humans","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Emergence of more potent PPD-Qs beyond 6PPD-Q in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"229","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137184","article-title":"Prediction of p-Phenylenediamine Antioxidant Concentrations in Human Urine Using Machine Learning Models","volume":"487","author":"Qu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.136176","article-title":"p-Phenylenediamines (PPDs) and PPD-quinones (PPD-Qs) in human urine and breast milk samples: Urgent need for focus on PPD-Qs and the establishment of health threshold criteria","volume":"480","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7485","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c12220","article-title":"Synthesis and toxicity evaluation of p-phenylenediamine-quinones","volume":"59","author":"Nair","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5875","article-title":"Acute toxicity testing of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) with the tire rubber\u2013derived chemical 6PPD-quinone","volume":"43","author":"Foldvik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00521","article-title":"Environmental occurrence and toxicity of 6PPD quinone, an emerging tire rubber-derived chemical: A review","volume":"10","author":"Behnami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.122828","article-title":"A mini review on 6PPD quinone: A new threat to aquaculture and fisheries","volume":"340","author":"Bohara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175057","article-title":"Potential human health risk of the emerging environmental contaminant 6-PPD quinone","volume":"949","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327736","article-title":"Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: Incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN","volume":"72","author":"Morgan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roshandel, G., Ghasemi-Kebria, F., and Malekzadeh, R. (2024). Colorectal cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16081530"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-025-00348-3","article-title":"Assessing the colorectal cancer landscape: A comprehensive exploration of future trends in 216 countries and territories from 2021 to 2040","volume":"15","author":"Olfatifar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Cao, F., Zhang, G., Shi, L., Chen, S., Zhang, Z., Zhi, W., and Ma, T. (2019). Trends in and predictions of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in China from 1990 to 2025. Front. Oncol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00098"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.06.06","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal cancer in China","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33445","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, medical service utilization, and expenditure for colorectal cancer in China, 2005 to 2014: Overall design and results from a multicenter retrospective epidemiologic survey","volume":"127","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Z., Huang, J.-Y., McDonald, S., Chen, B.-X., Mao, H.-X., Wu, Z., Dai, X.-Y., Yu, H., Li, J.-J., and Lin, Y. (2025). Medical treatment cost for Chinese inpatients with colorectal cancer by sites. Front. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1605887"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10732748211056692","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748211056692","article-title":"Risk factors for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer","volume":"29","author":"Lewandowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Meta-analyses of colorectal cancer risk factors","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Santiago, Y., Nava-Castro, K.E., and Morales-Montor, J. (2021). Environmental Pollution as a Risk Factor to Develop Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the Inflammatory Process as a Risk Factor to Develop Colorectal Cancer, in Immunotherapy in Resistant Cancer: From the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Perspectives, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822028-3.00007-8"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35935","article-title":"Could environmental exposure and climate change be a key factor in the rising incidence of early onset colorectal cancer?","volume":"10","author":"AlZaabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131495","article-title":"Long-term exposure to 6-PPD quinone reduces reproductive capacity by enhancing germline apoptosis associated with activation of both DNA damage and cell corpse engulfment in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"454","author":"Hua","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.2c00821","article-title":"First report on the occurrence of N-(1, 3-dimethylbutyl)-N\u2019-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and 6PPD-quinone as pervasive pollutants in human urine from South China","volume":"9","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128043","article-title":"Identification of novel polyhalogenated carbazoles in cord serum and their associations with fetal growth","volume":"398","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32319-0","article-title":"Colorectal cancer","volume":"394","author":"Dekker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0189-8","article-title":"Global burden of colorectal cancer: Emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies","volume":"16","author":"Keum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2026.107800","article-title":"Comparative toxicity of 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone on the gut-liver axis in zebrafish: Insights into microbiota dysbiosis and oxidative stress","volume":"295","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175736","article-title":"Environmental concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q cause oxidative damage and alter metabolism in Eichhornia crassipes","volume":"951","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557517666170228115324","article-title":"Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in carcinogenesis: Implications of oxidative stress on the progression and development of several cancer types","volume":"17","author":"Kruk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190215121712","article-title":"Oxidative stress and cancer","volume":"24","author":"Klaunig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"82","article-title":"Speina, Oxidatively damaged DNA and its repair in colon carcinogenesis","volume":"736","author":"Tudek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, H., Tan, Y., Ren, X., Li, Z., and Liu, Y. (2025). Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking to Elucidate the Mechanisms of Intestinal Toxicity Induced by P-Phenylenediamine Antioxidants and Their Quinone Derivatives. Toxics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13060480"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2025.154217","article-title":"Gut microbiome contributes to 6PPD-quinone induced cognitive impairment through PI3K\/Akt signaling","volume":"517","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-019-0361-4","article-title":"Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer progression","volume":"9","author":"Koveitypour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefani, C., Miricescu, D., Stanescu-Spinu, I.-I., Nica, R.I., Greabu, M., Totan, A.R., and Jinga, M. (2021). Growth factors, PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways in colorectal cancer pathogenesis: Where are we now?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910260"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, H., Li, X., Han, J., and Quan, H. (2026). Investigation of Key Molecular Mechanisms of 6PPDQ in Breast Cancer Development and Progression through Network Toxicology and Computational Simulation. Res. Sq.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9012385\/v1"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, K., Li, C., Ma, J., Liu, Y., Zhu, X., Tian, Y., and Zhang, J. (2026). Evaluating the Carcinogenic Potential and Molecular Mechanisms of 6PPDQ in the Human Stomach Using Organoids and Bulk Sequencing Data: A Multi-Machine Learning Approach Combined with Computational Simulation. Res. Sq.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9015987\/v1"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright, S.C.E., Vasilevski, N., Serra, V., Rodon, J., and Eichhorn, P.J.A. (2021). Mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibitors in cancer: Adaptive responses, drug tolerance and cellular plasticity. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071538"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00828-5","article-title":"Targeting PI3K\/Akt signal transduction for cancer therapy","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119780","article-title":"N-(1, 3-dimethylbutyl)-N\u2032-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) induces osteoporosis by a mechanism involving CX43-mediated mitochondrial autophagy dysfunction in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"311","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118494","article-title":"Respiratory toxicity mechanism of 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone: An integrated study based on network toxicology and molecular docking","volume":"301","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghasemian, A., Omear, H.A., Mansoori, Y., Mansouri, P., Deng, X., Darbeheshti, F., Zarenezhad, E., Kohansal, M., Pezeshki, B., and Wang, Z. (2023). Long non-coding RNAs and JAK\/STAT signaling pathway regulation in colorectal cancer development. Front. Genet., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1297093"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Alcoholado, L., Ramos-Molina, B., Otero, A., Laborda-Illanes, A., Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez, R., Medina, J.A., G\u00f3mez-Mill\u00e1n, J., and Queipo-Ortu\u00f1o, M.I. (2020). The role of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer development and therapy response. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061406"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ionescu, V.A., Diaconu, C.C., Gheorghe, G., Mihai, M.-M., Diaconu, C.C., Bostan, M., and Bleotu, C. (2025). Gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: A balance between risk and protection. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083733"}],"container-title":["Toxics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/14\/8\/705\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:59:31Z","timestamp":1786363171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6304\/14\/8\/705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["toxics14080705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics14080705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2305-6304"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2305-6304","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]}}}