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This review synthesizes plant\u2013soil evidence by focusing on the interacting roles of MP polymer type, particle size and shape, aging\/weathering state, soil geochemistry, dissolved organic matter, and rhizosphere processes. Across the reported studies, MP-PTE interactions show several major directions of changes: MPs may reduce PTE lability by promoting adsorption, aggregation, or sequestration within coated surfaces and soil aggregates; conversely, they may increase PTE mobility and plant exposure when reversible binding, dissolved organic ligands, pH shifts, or particle transport deliver labile PTEs to root-active zones. Dose-dependent and biphasic responses are also common, with low MP additions sometimes attenuating stress while higher doses intensify toxicity. Quantitatively, available crop studies show that intensified co-exposure can reduce plant biomass by approximately 10.2\u201329.3%, depending on crop species, plant organ, MP type, dose, and PTE identity, whereas antagonistic or neutral responses are also reported under other exposure conditions. The strongest evidence currently exists for Cd and As, but this review also considers Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Hg to represent chemically distinct cationic, metalloid, and redox-sensitive PTEs. Overall, MPs should not be treated only as passive contaminant carriers; they act as dynamic reactivity modifiers that can function as sinks, vectors, or indirect regulators of PTE bioavailability depending on soil and rhizosphere boundary conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14080730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:35:08Z","timestamp":1786984508000},"page":"730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microplastics-Mediated Behavior of Potentially Toxic Elements in Plant\u2013Soil Systems: Adsorption, Bioavailability, and Phytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6417-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaohong","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application of Inorganic Materials, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyang","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1368-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caixing","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-8958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habib","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Electrical and New Energy, Qingdao Hengxing University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9679-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Mahmoud","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4031-9589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"},{"name":"Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Iron and Steel Industry Environmental Protection, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"University Engineering Research Center of Watershed Protection and Green Development, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carbon Emission and Pollutant Collaborative Control, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5979","article-title":"Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"368","author":"Rillig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.130788","article-title":"Microplastics promoted cadmium accumulation in maize plants by improving active cadmium and amino acid synthesis","volume":"447","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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