{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:16:53Z","timestamp":1788243413018,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit","award":["TYL-2024-3460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TYL-2024-3460"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), a persistent perfluoroalkyl obesogen, promotes adipogenesis, yet whether its effects can be pharmacologically opposed remains unknown. (2) Methods: We examined the interaction between PFDA (50, 75 \u03bcM) and the dietary polyphenol curcumin (20, 30 \u03bcM) throughout the 8-day 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation protocol, using cell-viability (WST-1) assays with a two-factor interaction analysis, Oil Red O lipid quantification and mRNA profiling of Pparg, Cebpa, Srebf1, and Fasn. (3) Results: PFDA alone increased lipid accumulation and upregulated Pparg, Cebpa, and Fasn, whereas Srebf1 was induced only weakly and only at the higher dose, a pattern compatible with preferential engagement of the PPAR\u03b3\/C\/EBP\u03b1 program over the SREBP-1c lipogenic pathway at the mRNA level, although the transcripts were not formally compared and no protein-level data were obtained. At two sub-cytotoxic concentrations, curcumin preserved potent antiadipogenic activity, reducing lipid accumulation by up to 67.3% and reversing PFDA-induced gene upregulation. At the viability endpoint the two compounds acted independently: curcumin significantly reduced viability and PFDA significantly increased it, with no statistically detectable interaction between them (two-way ANOVA, interaction p = 0.85). (4) Conclusions: This dissociation shows that a chemical interaction defined at one biological endpoint does not predict its outcome at another, a principle with broad implications for mixture toxicology\u2014and it establishes curcumin as a candidate dietary intervention that intercepts an obesogen\u2019s transcriptional program against environmentally driven metabolic disruption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14090741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T11:47:19Z","timestamp":1787572039000},"page":"741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Curcumin Opposes Perfluorodecanoic Acid\u2013Induced Adipogenesis Through the PPAR\u03b3\/C\/EBP\u03b1 Axis in 3T3-L1 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1565-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayten","family":"Darcan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, 35340 \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2960-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezgi","family":"\u00c7il","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, 35340 \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Ayd\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1580-0564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasemin","family":"Soysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, 35340 \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urasaki, Y., and Le, T.T. 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