{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:17:04Z","timestamp":1787894224038,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Support of Guizhou Province, China","award":["[2025]095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2025]095"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004001","name":"Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province, China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZK[2024]490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZK[2024]490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (ECO2) is a key climatic factor influencing the resilience of plant\u2013microbial symbiotic systems against heavy metal contamination. Robinia pseudoacacia\u2013rhizobia symbiosis shows great potential for cadmium (Cd) remediation. However, the mechanism by which ECO2 regulates Cd phytostabilization in symbiosis remains unclear. This study conducted a 90-day experiment in growth chambers to investigate the effects of ECO2 on the growth, Cd accumulation and chemical forms, as well as nutrient uptake and antioxidant system in Robinia pseudoacacia\u2013rhizobia symbiosis. Results indicated that ECO2 significantly increased plant biomass and photosynthetic efficiency while significantly raising Cd content in roots (34.5%, p &lt; 0.001) and decreasing it in shoots (31.4%, p &lt; 0.001). This resulted in a significant reduction in Cd translocation factor (TF). Meanwhile, ECO2 markedly increased Cd accumulation in roots (81.2%, p &lt; 0.001) and reduced the bioavailability of Cd in the symbiosis. Moreover, ECO2 promoted the content of nutrients and stimulated the antioxidant system. The random forest model indicated that root weight, Cd and Mn contents are the core factors for ECO2-driven Cd phytostabilization. This study demonstrates that ECO2 enhanced Cd phytostabilization by optimizing the resistance of symbiosis to Cd, offering a novel perspective for predicting plant\u2013microbe joint restoration of heavy metal pollution under global climate change scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14090752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:11:15Z","timestamp":1787731875000},"page":"752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated CO2 Drives Cadmium Phytostabilization in the Robinia pseudoacacia\u2013Rhizobia Symbiosis by Altering Cadmium Bioavailability, Nutrient Uptake and Antioxidant Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Eco-Environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoshi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoxiong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Eco-Environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9946-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sixi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Eco-Environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IPCC (2021). 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