{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:02:29Z","timestamp":1789448549239,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Fujian Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2026J0011187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026J0011187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Talent Introduction Research Project of Ningde Normal University","award":["2018Y01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018Y01"]}]},{"award":["2018Y01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018Y01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01p996c64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a widely used organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) with concerning environmental persistence and toxicity. Microbial degradation is a promising removal strategy, but highly efficient degraders outside the Sphingomonadaceae family remain rarely reported. In this study, a highly efficient TPHP-degrading strain, designated YC-XJ4, was isolated from plastic-waste-contaminated soil and identified as Gordonia polyisoprenivorans through genomic analysis. The strain exhibited robust degradation activity over broad ranges of temperature (15\u201340 \u00b0C), pH (6.0\u201310.0), and salinity (0\u20132% NaCl), with a maximum average degradation velocity of 9.41 mg\/(L\u00b7h) at an initial TPHP concentration of 300 mg\/L and approximately 30% degradation retained at 500 mg\/L. Substrate spectrum analysis showed that YC-XJ4 preferentially degraded aryl-OPFRs (TPHP, tricresyl phosphate, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate), whereas no degradation was detected for chlorinated or alkyl congeners. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the absence of known OPFR phosphotriesterase genes, suggesting that TPHP degradation in strain YC-XJ4 may be mediated by novel enzymes. In simulated bioremediation experiments conducted under natural outdoor conditions, the strain effectively removed TPHP from both soil and seawater. In soil, with a 5% (v\/v) inoculum, the TPHP concentration decreased from 100 mg\/kg to 4.66 mg\/kg within 10 h (95.34% removal), while in seawater, 86.41% removal was achieved within 20 h at the same inoculum size. Collectively, G. polyisoprenivorans YC-XJ4 represents a promising non-Sphingomonadaceae degrader with strong environmental adaptability and practical bioremediation potential, providing a valuable candidate for both application and the discovery of novel degrading enzymes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14090815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:09:51Z","timestamp":1789387791000},"page":"815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biodegradation of Triphenyl Phosphate by Gordonia polyisoprenivorans YC-XJ4: Environmental Adaptability and Bioremediation Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianjun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Toxicology, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Toxicology, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1739-7273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Aikebaier","family":"Reheman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Toxicology, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.12.041","article-title":"Organophosphate flame retardants emitted from thermal treatment and open burning of e-waste","volume":"367","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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