{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:25:12Z","timestamp":1791483912461,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have shown the presence of aldehydes (i.e., formaldehyde, acrolein) in mainstream emissions of some e-cigarettes. For this reason, concerns have been raised regarding potential toxicity. The purpose of this research was to measure levels of carbonyls in exhaled breath of e-cigarette users during \u201cvaping\u201d sessions and estimate the respiratory tract (RT) uptake of specific aldehydes, including formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. We measured concentrations of 12 carbonyls in e-cigarette aerosols produced directly by e-cigarettes and in the exhaled breath of 12 participants (19 sessions). Carbonyls were sampled on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges and analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a UV\/Vis photodiode detector. We found that in most cases, levels of aldehydes and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were significantly higher (2\u2013125 times) in exhaled e-cigarette breaths than in pre-exposed breath. Exposure levels for the most abundant individual carbonyls in e-cigarette emissions\u2014formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein\u2014were between the limit of quantification (LOQ) and 24.4 \u03bcg\u00b7puff\u22121. The mean retention of formaldehyde in the respiratory tract was 99.7 \u00b1 0.9% for all participants, while acetaldehyde retention was 91.6 \u00b1 9.9%. Within the limitation of a small number of participants, our results showed that there is an increase in breath carbonyls during e-cigarette use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics6030046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T11:20:23Z","timestamp":1533640823000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Aldehydes in Exhaled Breath during E-Cigarette Vaping: Pilot Study Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"Samburova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Analytical Laboratory, Desert Research Institute (DRI), Reno, NV 89512, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2253-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiranjivi","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Analytical Laboratory, Desert Research Institute (DRI), Reno, NV 89512, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndsey","family":"Darrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8949-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"Angermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeongkwon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Analytical Laboratory, Desert Research Institute (DRI), Reno, NV 89512, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9606-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Khlystov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Analytical Laboratory, Desert Research Institute (DRI), Reno, NV 89512, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu166","article-title":"Intentions to smoke cigarettes among never-smoking us middle and high school electronic cigarette users: National youth tobacco survey, 2011\u20132013","volume":"17","author":"Bunnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. 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