{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T14:58:51Z","timestamp":1775833131879,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012706","name":"Uniwersytet Warmi\u0144sko-Mazurski w Olsztynie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["63-610-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63-610-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Calbindin D-28k (CB) is a calcium-binding protein widely distributed in living organisms that may act as a calcium buffer and sensory protein. CB is present in the enteric nervous system (ENS) situated in the gastrointestinal tract, which controls the majority of activities of the stomach and intestine. The influence of various doses of bisphenol A (BPA)\u2014a chemical compound widely used in plastics production\u2014on the number and distribution of CB-positive enteric neuronal cells in the porcine caecum was investigated with an immunofluorescence technique. The obtained results showed that low dosages of BPA resulted in an increase in the number of CB-positive neuronal cells in the myenteric (MP) and inner submucous (ISP) plexuses, whereas it did not alter the number of such neuronal cells in the outer submucous plexus (OSP). High dosages of BPA caused the increase in the amount of CB-positive perikarya in all the above-mentioned kinds of the caecal neuronal plexuses. These observations strongly suggest that CB in the ENS participates in the processes connected with the toxic activity of BPA. Most likely, the changes noted in this experiment result from the adaptive and protective properties of CB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T20:03:03Z","timestamp":1609185783000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Changes in the Population Size of Calbindin D-28k-Immunoreactive Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Caecum under the Influence of Bisphenol A: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ignacy","family":"Gonkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3528-3958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slawomir","family":"Gonkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Dzika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, \u017bo\u0142nierska 14C Str., 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0856-3644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Wojtkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8603","DOI":"10.1021\/bi900350q","article-title":"Structural characterization of the conformational change in calbindin-D28k upon calcium binding using differential surface modification analyzed by mass spectrometry","volume":"48","author":"Hobbs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1112","article-title":"Structure, binding interface and hydrophobic transitions of Ca2+-loaded calbindin-D(28K)","volume":"13","author":"Kojetin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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