{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:37:37Z","timestamp":1791974257706,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDC) are known to alter thyroid function and have been associated with increased risk of certain cancers. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of available studies on the association between EDC exposure and thyroid cancer. Relevant studies were identified via a literature search in the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health PubMed as well as a review of reference lists of all retrieved articles and of previously published relevant reviews. Overall, the current literature suggests that exposure to certain congeners of flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and phthalates as well as certain pesticides may potentially be associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. However, future research is urgently needed to evaluate the different EDCs and their potential carcinogenic effect on the thyroid gland in humans as most EDCs have been studied sporadically and results are not consistent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T02:36:05Z","timestamp":1611196565000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Thyroid Cancer: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mathilda","family":"Alsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3779-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimia","family":"Ziadkhanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Genden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0568-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maaike","family":"van Gerwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.18.2164","article-title":"Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973\u20132002","volume":"295","author":"Davies","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.110","article-title":"The changing incidence of thyroid cancer","volume":"12","author":"Kitahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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