{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:53:19Z","timestamp":1792687999159,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the toxicity and health risk characteristics of formaldehyde (FA), it is currently used as a cytological fixative and the definition of safe exposure levels is still a matter of debate. Our aim was to investigate the alterations in both oxidative and inflammatory status in a hospital working population. The 68 workers recruited wore a personal air-FA passive sampler, provided a urine sample to measure 15-F2t-Isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and a blood specimen to measure tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1). Subjects were also genotyped for GSTT1 (Presence\/Absence), GSTM1 (Presence\/Absence), CYP1A1 exon 7 (A &gt; G), and IL6 (\u2212174, G &gt; C). Workers were ex post split into formalin-employers (57.3 \u03bcg\/m3) and non-employers (13.5 \u03bcg\/m3). In the formalin-employers group we assessed significantly higher levels of 15-F2t-IsoP, MDA and TNF\u03b1 (&lt;0.001) in comparison to the non-employers group. The air-FA levels turned out to be positively correlated with 15-F2t-IsoP (p = 0.027) and MDA (p &lt; 0.001). In the formalin-employers group the MDA level was significantly higher in GSTT1 Null (p = 0.038), GSTM1 Null (p = 0.031), and CYP1A1 exon 7 mutation carrier (p = 0.008) workers, compared to the wild type subjects. This study confirms the role of FA in biomolecular profiles alterations, highlighting how low occupational exposure can also result in measurable biological outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9080178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T21:46:44Z","timestamp":1627854404000},"page":"178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Formaldehyde in Hospitals Induces Oxidative Stress: The Role of GSTT1 and GSTM1 Polymorphisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Ghelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Bellisario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0655-7550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Squillacioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Panizzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Santovito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2471-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3109\/1547691X.2015.1076547","article-title":"Relationships between cytokine (IL-6 and TGF-\u03b21) gene polymorphisms and chromosomal damage in hospital workers","volume":"13","author":"Santovito","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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