{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:29:32Z","timestamp":1793089772015,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fond de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Respiratoire de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pneumologie de Langue Fran\u00e7aise","award":["NanoPI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NanoPI"]}]},{"name":"Cancerop\u00f4le CLARA","award":["Expo-Nano"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Expo-Nano"]}]},{"name":"Sant\u00e9-Environnement Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The biomonitoring of nanoparticles in patients\u2019 broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) could allow getting insights into the role of inhaled biopersistent nanoparticles in the etiology\/development of some respiratory diseases. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between the biomonitoring of nanoparticles in BAL, interstitial lung diseases and occupational exposure to these particles released unintentionally. We analyzed data from a cohort of 100 patients suffering from lung diseases (NanoPI clinical trial, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02549248) and observed that most of the patients showed a high probability of exposure to airborne unintentionally released nanoparticles (&gt;50%), suggesting a potential role of inhaled nanoparticles in lung physiopathology. Depending on the respiratory disease, the amount of patients likely exposed to unintentionally released nanoparticles was variable (e.g., from 88% for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis to 54% for sarcoidosis). These findings are consistent with the previously performed mineralogical analyses of BAL samples that suggested (i) a role of titanium nanoparticles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and (ii) a contribution of silica submicron particles to sarcoidosis. Further investigations are necessary to draw firm conclusions but these first results strengthen the array of presumptions on the contribution of some inhaled particles (from nano to submicron size) to some idiopathic lung diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9090204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T22:58:15Z","timestamp":1630450695000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Relationship between Occupational Exposure to Airborne Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle Lung Burden and Lung Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3124-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Forest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","family":"Pourchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"P\u00e9lissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"Univ Lyon, Univ Eiffel, Univ Lyon 1, Univ St Etienne, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, F-42005 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabyne","family":"Audignon Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPICENE Team, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bordeaux Hospital, F-33400 Talence, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Vergnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1870-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France"},{"name":"Univ Lyon, Univ Eiffel, Univ Lyon 1, Univ St Etienne, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, F-42005 Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP424","article-title":"Nanomaterials Versus Ambient Ultrafine Particles: An Opportunity to Exchange Toxicology Knowledge","volume":"125","author":"Stone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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