{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:58:41Z","timestamp":1789430321800,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-04840; 2018-03156; 2016-01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-04840; 2018-03156; 2016-01003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Swedish Research Council for Health Working Life and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-00572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-00572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001424","name":"ALF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009780","name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004143","name":"SUS foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Erasmus + Programme","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (PE). Some suggested mechanisms behind this association are changes in placental DNA methylation and gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify how early pregnancy exposure to ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx) among PE cases and normotensive controls influence DNA methylation (EPIC array) and gene expression (RNA-seq). The study included placentas from 111 women (29 PE cases\/82 controls) in Scania, Sweden. First-trimester NOx exposure was assessed at the participants\u2019 residence using a dispersion model and categorized via median split into high or low NOx. Placental gestational epigenetic age was derived from the DNA methylation data. We identified six differentially methylated positions (DMPs, q &lt; 0.05) comparing controls with low NOx vs. cases with high NOx and 14 DMPs comparing cases and controls with high NOx. Placentas with female fetuses showed more DMPs (N = 309) than male-derived placentas (N = 1). Placentas from PE cases with high NOx demonstrated gestational age deceleration compared to controls with low NOx (p = 0.034). No differentially expressed genes (DEGs, q &lt; 0.05) were found. In conclusion, early pregnancy exposure to NOx affected placental DNA methylation in PE, resulting in placental immaturity and showing sexual dimorphism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9120338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T02:48:13Z","timestamp":1638845293000},"page":"338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Early Pregnancy Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution among Late-Onset Preeclamptic Cases Is Associated with Placental DNA Hypomethylation of Specific Genes and Slower Placental Maturation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Engstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI@LUND, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumjirmaa","family":"Mandakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Society and Health, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Garmire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6685-4127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Masoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9105-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Isaxon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-9789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebba","family":"Malmqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Society and Health, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Erlandsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-9074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21867","article-title":"Impact of New Definitions of Pre-Eclampsia on Incidence and Performance of First-Trimester Screening","volume":"55","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. 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